考虑胶轮电车-轨道耦合效应的导轨梁受力分析

Stress Analysis of Track Beam Considering Coupling Effect of Rubber-tired Tram and Track

为研究胶轮有轨电车系统中导轨梁和螺栓的受力及布置,基于LS-DYNA有限元软件,建立胶轮有轨电车和导轨梁三维有限元模型,分析车辆行驶速度、刹车初速度和螺栓间距对导轨梁和锚固螺栓受力的影响。研究表明,车辆行驶速度对导轨梁Mises应力峰值影响不大,对螺栓纵向剪力峰值有较大影响;导轨梁Mises应力峰值和螺栓纵向剪力峰值随车辆刹车初速度增加而增加;导轨梁Mises应力峰值和螺栓纵向剪力峰值随螺栓间距呈阶梯式增长,在螺栓间距为3.0~4.5 m区间内变化幅度较大。设计时,螺栓间距取值需综合考虑经济性与安全性,建议取3 m;实际运营中,应控制车辆行驶速度在80 km/h左右,并尽可能避免车辆高速紧急刹车制动。

For the rubber-wheeled tram system,the different arrangement of bolts will result in different forces on the track beams and bolts at different speeds.A three-dimensional finite element model of the rubber-wheeled tram and track beam based on LS-DYNA finite element software was established to analyze the influence of vehicle speed,initial braking speed and bolt spacing on the force of the track beam and anchor bolts.The results show that vehicle speeds exert relatively smaller influence on the Mises stress peak of the track beam,but has significant influence on the peak longitudinal shear force of the bolts.The Mises stress peak of steel track beam and the peak of the longitudinal shear force of the bolts increase with the increase of the initial braking speeds.The peak of the Mises stress of steel track beam and the peak of the longitudinal shear force of the bolts increase stepwise with the increase of the bolt spacing,with a significant change from 3.0 m to 4.5 m of bolt spacing.During design,the value of bolt spacing should be considered in combination with economy and safety and the value of 3.0 m is recommended.The vehicle speed in actual operation should be controlled at about 80 km/h,while emergency braking should be avoided as much as possible when the vehicles are running at high speeds.