中国“深蓝渔业”科技发展对策与建议

Strategies and suggestions for the scientific and technological development of“deep ocean fishery”in China

深蓝渔业是面向深远海和大洋极地等渔业水域,开展工业化绿色养殖、负责任远洋捕捞、海洋生物资源开发和海上物流信息通道建设的产业,是中国战略性新兴产业。“十三五”以来,我国深蓝渔业发展取得一定进展,特别是在相关基础研究、深远海养殖设施装备设计与建造技术、水产品精深加工技术等领域取得一批成果,达到国际领先/领跑水平。然而,深蓝渔业发展仍面临诸多影响渔业产业健康可持续发展的问题与挑战。总结分析了我国在深蓝生物基础、深远海适养品种繁育技术、深远海养殖平台、深远海捕捞技术、海洋生物资源高质化加工体系、渔业船联网和大数据应用等方面的发展现状,阐述了我国深蓝渔业发展面临的深蓝生物研究原创性不足、深远海养殖装备技术成熟度不够、深远海捕捞技术与国际先进水平存在较大差距、水产品品控理论与高新技术应用难题亟需突破、渔业互联互通和大数据应用系统融合程度不高等问题。最后提出完善顶层设计、加强政策引导、加大科技投入力度的建议,旨在为促进深蓝渔业发展提供参考依据。

Deep ocean fishery is a strategic industry in China,which aims to develop industrialized green aquaculture,responsible high sea fishing,marine biological resources development and construction of marine logistics information channel for deep-sea and polar fishery waters.Since the“13th Five year Plan”,China has made some progress in the development of deep ocean fishery,especially in the fields of basic research,design and construction technology for deep-sea aquaculture facilities,and processing technology of seafood products.The development of deep ocean fishery,however,still faces some problems and challenges.In this paper,we summarized and analyzed the development status of deep ocean fishery in China,including basic research on deep ocean organisms,progresses in breeding technology of suitable species in the deep sea,researches on the deep sea aquaculture platforms,local breakthroughs in researches on deep sea fishing technology,high-quality processing system of marine biological resources,networking of fishing vessels and big data application process.Meanwhile,researches regarding to deep ocean fishery in China face some problems,such as the lack of original researches and development,technical immaturity of aquaculture equipment,undeveloped fishing technology compared to international advanced nations,issues on quality control of seafood products and applications,and lack of fishery connectivity and big data applications system integration.Finally,some suggestions were put forward to strengthen top-level design,enhance policy guidance and increase scientific and technological investment,aiming to provide reference for promoting the development of deep ocean fishery.