联合国海洋保护“30×30”目标推行中存在的问题及相关优良示范

Problems in the implementation of the“30×30”target and some excellent demonstrations

在《生物多样性公约》提出后的30年间,全球生物多样性保护成果并不理想。2020年,联合国在《2020年后全球生物多样性框架》预稿中首次提出“30×30”目标,即到2030年,至少使30%的海洋得到有效保护。“30×30”目标开始推行的2年中全球各国及各区域就很多核心内容尚未达成共识。梳理了该目标的发展历程及推行中存在的行动指标难量化、公海保护重视不足、生物遗传资源分配存在分歧等主要问题,列举了欧盟、海洋管理委员会在推动该目标实施中所出台的相关政策及优良示范。了解全球海洋保护中存在的问题和全球海洋保护的先进理念、方法,有助于中国更好地参与全球海洋治理,参与更广泛领域的海洋合作。

In the three decades since the Convention on Biological Diversity was proposed,global biodiversity conservation achievements have not been ideal.In 2020,the United Nations first proposed the“30×30”target in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework Predraft.That is,at least 30 percent of the ocean will be effectively protected by 2030.In the two years since the implementation of the“30×30”target,many countries and regions have not reached a consensus on the core content.The paper reviewed the development background of the target and the main problems in the implementation,such as the difficulty in quantifying the action indicators,lack of attention to high seas protection and differences in the allocation of biological genetic resources.The paper also listed some good examples and policies made by the European Union and the Marine Stewardship Council in promoting the implementation of this target.Understanding problems in marine protection and the advanced concepts and methods used will help China to participate in global ocean governance and broader ocean cooperation.