井冈蜜柚果园土壤和叶片养分状况及果实品质研究

Study on soil and leaf nutrient status and fruit quality of Jinggang pomelo orchards

为研究吉安市井冈蜜柚果园土壤和叶片营养元素状况及果实品质,在井冈蜜柚主产区采集了33个代表性果园的土壤、叶片及果实样品进行测定分析。结果表明:1)井冈蜜柚果园土壤pH均值4.82,酸性至强酸性井冈蜜柚果园占90.91%。土壤碱解氮、有效磷、交换性钙及交换性镁含量处于缺乏的井冈蜜柚果园分别占24.24%、30.30%、100%及90.91%;土壤有机质和速效钾含量均处于中等偏上水平。2)叶片中氮、钾、钙和镁含量缺乏的井冈蜜柚果园分别占15.16%、12.13%、100%和60.61%;叶片磷含量在适宜偏高水平。3)井冈蜜柚果实品质:单果重均值886.12 g,果形指数均值1.05,维生素C含量均值0.71 mg/g,可溶性固形物均值10.82%,可滴定酸均值0.78%,固酸比均值15.57,且桃溪蜜柚品质较佳。4)土壤碱解氮、交换性镁的含量与叶片中对应元素存在显著正相关关系;叶片钙、镁含量存在极显著的正相关关系;土壤pH与叶片钙、镁含量存在显著正相关关系;叶片钙含量、镁含量与果实单果重存在极显著正相关关系。因此,吉安市井冈蜜柚果园应加强钙、镁等元素的补充以促进果实品质的提升及产量的提高,同时可施用适量石灰改良酸性土壤,提高土壤养分的有效性。

In order to study the nutrient element status of soil and leaves and fruit quality of Jinggang pomelo orchard in Ji’an city,the soil,leaves and fruit samples of 33 representative orchards were collected in the main production area of Jinggang pomelo.The results showed that 1)the average soil pH of Jinggang pomelo orchard was 4.82,and the acidic to strongly acidic Jinggang pomelo orchard accounted for 90.91%.The contents of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium which were in the low level in Jinggang pomelo orchard were 24.24%,30.30%,100% and 90.91%,respectively.The contents of soil organic matter and available potassium were in the upper middle level.2)Jinggang pomelo orchard with deficient contents of nitrogen,potassium,calcium and magnesium in leaves accounted for 15.16%,12.13%,100% and 60.61%,respectively;The phosphorus content in leaves was at an appropriate high level.3)Fruit quality of Jinggang pomelo:the average single fruit weight was 886.12 g,the average fruit type index was 1.05,the average Vc content was 0.71 mg/g,the average soluble solid content was 10.82%,the average titratable acid was 0.78%,and the average solid acid ratio was 15.57.The quality of Taoxi pomelo was better.4)There was a significantly positive correlation between the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium and the corresponding elements in leaves.There was a very significantly positive correlation between the contents of calcium and magnesium in leaves;There was a significantly positive correlation between soil pH and leaf calcium and magnesium content;There was a very significantly positive correlation between leaf calcium content,magnesium content and fruit weight. Therefore,the supplement of calcium,magnesium and other elements should be strengthened in Jinggang pomelo orchard in Ji’an city to promote the improvement of fruit quality and yield.At the same time,an appropriate amount of lime can be applied to improve the acidic soil and improve the effectiveness of soil nutrients.