粉垄耕作对甜高粱农田土壤耕层特性及产量的影响

Effect of Fenlong tillage on soil characteristics and yield of sweet sorghum farmland

为了探究粉垄耕作对甜高粱土壤耕层理化性质及微生物数量的影响机理,以宁夏银川市贺兰山农牧场甜高粱农田作为试验区,设置传统耕作(CK)、粉垄30 cm(F30)、粉垄50 cm(F50)、深翻40 cm(DT40)4个耕作模式,研究甜高粱农田土壤耕层各物理性质、速效性养分含量及微生物数量在不同耕作方式下的变化规律,并对不同耕作模式下土壤耕层质量做出综合分析。结果表明:(1)F30、F50相比CK与DT40处理能更好地协调土壤三相比,显著降低土壤容重,显著增加土壤含水量及土壤孔隙度,有效改良土壤耕层的物理性质(P<0.05)。(2)与CK处理相比,F30、F50及DT40处理在0~15、15~30、30~45 cm 3个土层中土壤速效养分含量均增加,但CK仅与F30和F50处理有显著性差异(P<0.05):碱解氮含量增幅分别为5.3%~14.5%、13.1%~15.9%、3.2%~4.1%;速效钾含量增幅分别为13.0%~19.1%、15.7%~20.2%、2.8%~6.7%;有效磷含量增幅分别为5.2%~21.1%、5.7%~23.3%、0.8%~5.0%。(3)与CK处理相比,F30、F50及DT40处理在0~15、15~30、30~45 cm 3个土层中微生物数量显著增加,但CK仅与F30和F50处理有显著性差异(P<0.05):细菌数量增幅为6.3%~118.7%、18.8%~111.1%、9.4%~30.0%,真菌数量增幅为40%、33.3%~100.0%、20%,放线菌数量增幅为7.0%~40.0%、23.9%~86.7%、4.4%~26.7%。通过主成分综合分析得出,粉垄耕作模式下甜高粱农田生态系统土壤耕层质量高于CK和DT40处理,甜高粱产量在粉垄耕作下显著提高,其中F30耕作在生产上的应用性更广泛。

For the purpose of exploring the influence mechanism of Fenlong tillage on the physicochemical properties and microbial number of sweet sorghum soil,the sweet sorghum field in Helan Mountain farm and pranch in Yinchuan,Ningxia was taken as the experiment area.Four farming modes,including traditional(CK),Fenlong 30 cm(F30),Fenlong 50 cm(F50)and deep tillage 40 cm(DT40)were set up,so as to study the change rule of physical properties,available nutrient content and microorganism quantity in sweet sorghum soil in different tillage modes,and the soil quality in different tillage modes was comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that :(1)Compared with CK and DT40,F30 and F50modes can better coordinate three-phase ratio of soil,significantly reduce soil bulk density,increase soil water content and soil porosity,and effectively improve the physical properties of soil surface layer.(2)Compared with CK,F30,F50and DT40 can significantly increase available nutrient content in three soil layers of 0 ~ 15,15 ~ 30 and 30 ~ 45 cm. However,CK treatment was only significantly different from F30 and F50 treatments(P<0.05):the content of alkalihydrolyzated nitrogen increased by 5.3% ~ 14.5%,13.1% ~ 15.9% and 3.2% ~ 4.1%,respectively;the content of available potassium increased by 13.0% ~ 19.1%,15.7% ~ 20.2% and 2.8% ~ 6.7%,respectively;and the content of available phosphorus increased by 5.2% ~ 21.1%,5.7% ~ 23.3% and 0.8% ~ 5.0%,respectively.(3)Compared with CK,F30,F50 and DT40 can significantly increase number of microorganisms in three soil layers of 0 ~ 15,15 ~ 30and 30 ~ 45 cm.However,CK treatment was only significantly different from F30 and F50 treatments(P<0.05):the number of bacteria increased by 6.3% ~ 118.7%,18.8% ~ 111.1%,9.4% ~ 30.0%,respectively;the number of fungi increased by 40%,33.3% ~ 100.0%,20%,respectively;and actinomycetes number increased by 7.0% ~ 40.0%,23.9% ~ 86.7%,4.4% ~ 26.7%,respectively.Based on the synthetic analysis of principal components,the soil quality of sweet sorghum ecosystem in Fenlong tillage mode was higher than CK and DT40 treatments,and the yield of sweet sorghum was significantly increased in Fenlong tillage mode,among which F30 tillage mode was more extensively used in production.