二价阳离子诱导细胞膜融合的和频光谱研究

Sum Frequency Spectroscopy Studies on Cell Membrane Fusion Induced by Divalent Cations

细胞膜融合是一种重要的基础生物学过程,细胞的很多生物学功能都涉及到细胞膜的融合.二价阳离子可以通过与带负电磷脂的结合诱导磷脂膜的融合,然而,其详细的分子学机制目前还不太清楚.本文应用表/界面敏感的和频振动光谱结合动态光散射实验研究了磷脂分子层对二价金属离子(如Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+))暴露的响应.动态光散射实验测量的粒度分布结果显示Ca^(2+)可以诱导囊泡间融合,而Mg^(2+)的介导却不能导致磷脂膜的融合.为了应用和频光谱研究磷脂分子不同基团对金属离子的响应,本文设计了十八烷基三氯硅烷自组装单分子层/磷脂单分子层组成的混合模型膜系统进行和频振动光谱实验.实验发现,相比于Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+)与磷脂头部基团PO_(2)^(-)有更强烈地相互作用,会更容易诱导细胞膜融合.和频光谱实验还显示,虽然两种金属阳离子没有与磷脂中C=O基团直接连接.但是Ca^(2+)/Mg^(2+)-PO_(2)^(-)结合后,会造成C=O基团取向变化,且相较于Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+)会引起更大的取向变化.同时,和频光谱实验还证明由于Ca^(2+)-PO_(2)^(-)强相互作用,磷脂分子层通过二价金属离子桥连时,Ca^(2+)可以诱导磷脂表面脱水,这也能够减小细胞膜融合的阻碍.

Cell membrane fusion is a fundamental biological process involved in a number of cellular living functions. Regarding this, divalent cations can induce fusion of the lipid bilayers through binding and bridging of divalent cations to the charged lipids, thus leading to the cell membrane fusion. However, the elaborate mechanism of cell membrane fusion induced by divalent cations is still needed to be elucidated.Here, surface/interface sensitive sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS) and dynamic light scattering(DLS) were applied in this research to study the responses of phospholipid monolayer to the exposure of divalent metal ions i.e.Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+). According to the particle size distribution results measured by DLS experiments, it was found that Ca^(2+)could induce inter-vesicular fusion while Mg^(2+)could not. An octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer(OTS SAM)-lipid monolayer system was designed to model the cell membrane for the SFG-VS experiment. Ca^(2+)could interact with the lipid POO_(2)^(-)head groups more strongly, resulting in cell membrane fusion more easily, in comparison with Mg^(2+). No specific interaction between the two metal cations and the C=O groups was observed. However, the C=O orientations changed more after Ca^(2+)-PO2-binding than Mg^(2+)mediation on lipid monolayer. Meanwhile, Ca^(2+)could induce dehydration of the lipids(which should be related to the strong Ca^(2+)-PO_(2)^(-)interaction), leading to the reduced hindrance for cell membrane fusion.