郭麐与桐城派

Guo Lin(郭麐)and Tong Cheng School

在家教和师承的熏陶下,郭麐不但确立了偏好词章的为学取向,又逐步形成了兼收并蓄的文学思想。他抨击考据学风及其对辞章的轻视立场,大力掘发“文”的自足性和崇高地位。在师法典范的选取上,郭麐既标举《文选》,又推崇唐文特别是柳宗元和晚唐诸家之作,对宋文则时有非议。其自作出入《骚》《选》,怨怒不平之气充溢笔端,造就了沉郁奇肆的文风。当嘉道年间桐城流风逐步扩散之际,作为姚鼐的入室弟子,郭麐不仅缺席了一众同门鼓吹桐城文章的合唱,还公开对“义法”说的合理性提出质疑,又表彰那些自出机杼的文家如张惠言和汪中等人。与此相应,他在文坛特别是姚氏弟子群体中颇显孤立,也直接导致了自身文章学在当时隐而不彰的结局。

Benefited from family education and advisors,Guo Lin(郭麐)not only regarded the creation of poetry and prose as the superior status,but also gradually formed the eclectic literary ideas.He attacked the he ethos of textual research and its dismissive stance on rhetoric,and vigorously explored the self-sufficiency and lofty status of“literature”.On the selection of imitating model,Guo Lin promoted WenXuan,and admired prose of Tang dynasty,especially Liu Zongyuan and works of late Tang dynasty,as for prose of Song dynasty,he often showed scorn.His works learned LiSao and WenXuan,full of anger and depression,created a deep and odd style.From Jia Qing period to Dao Guang period,The influence of Tongcheng school gradually spread.As the student of Yao Nai,Guo Lin missed the chorus of praising Tong cheng article,furthermore,he openly questioned the rationality of“YiFa”,and recognized those writers who had unique style such as Zhang Huiyan and Wang Zhong.Accordingly,Guo Lin was isolated in the literary world,especially in the group of Yao Nai's disciples,which resulted in public neglect of his own reputation and status in the literature at that time.