西北方言史断代

Periodization in Northwest Chinese Dialect History

本文介绍西北方言历史的演变过程,并以此历史过程加以断代。所讨论的年代,由汉末三国开始,至现代为止。地域主要包括陕西南部的关中平原,以及甘肃走廊。断代系统基于各个历史阶段的现有文献资料,并着重讨论材料中最为明晰的那些历史时期。由于词汇和句法方面的材料较为缺乏,乃以声韵演变为断代之标准,划分出七个历史阶段:一、前古代西北话阶段(公元280年左右);二、古代西北话阶段(公元400年左右);三、隋唐长安阶段(公元580—650年);四、盛唐长安与盛唐沙洲阶段(公元700—800年);五、晚唐长安与沙洲阶段(公元800—1000年);六、后沙洲阶段(公元12世纪);七、现代方言阶段。

This paper suggests a periodization scheme for northwest Chinese dialect history,from the immediate post-Han period to the present.For the purposes of the discussion,the northwest area is divided into two major sub-regions,i.e.the Guanzhong plain of southern Shanxi and the Gansu corridor.The scheme is of necessity built around available textual materials from successive historical periods,emphasizing those stages which appear most clearly in the sources.It takes as its basis phonology rather than syntax or lexicon,since the latter two areas are not well represented in pre-modern texts.The suggested periodization consists of seven stages,i.e.StageⅠ.Pre-Old Northwest Chinese(ca.280 A.D.),StageⅡ.Old Northwest Chinese(ca.400),StageⅢ.Sui-Tang Chang’an(580-650),StageⅣ.Mid-Tang Chang’an and Mid-Tang Shazhou(700-800),StageⅤ.Late Tang Chang’an and Shazhou proper(800-1000),StageⅥ.Post-Shazhou(twelfth century),and StageⅦ.the Modem Period.