地方政府教育政策执行中的政策学习机制研究——基于“县管校聘”典型案例分析

Study on the Policy Learning Mechanism in the Implementation of Education Policy of Local Government——Case Study Based on the“County Management&School Employment”

地方政府执行力是决定教育政策执行成功与否的关键,开展政策学习是提升地方政府执行力的重要因素。本文在政策学习理论的指导下,以“县管校聘”为典型案例,探讨地方政府教育政策执行中的政策学习机制。研究表明,地方政府作为教育政策执行的关键学习者,能够通过学习进行自我建构推动政策执行,形成了一个包括政策内容、地方学习、政策细化、执行效果评估、政策调整/政策纠偏五个环节在内的双环政策学习机制,并在“县管校聘”实践中得以验证。为保障该学习机制的有效持续运行,应坚持渐进主义适时调整政策内容以完善政策学习机制运转的基石,采取内生性学习和外生性学习相结合的多元学习模式来提升地方政府自身的政策学习能力,基于政策执行效果评估来畅通“自下而上”反馈机制以支撑政策学习机制。

The implementation ability of local government is the key to the success of education policy implementation,and policy learning is the key factor to enhance the implementation ability of local government.In the process of China’s education policy implementation,it is of practical necessity and theoretical innovation to build a policy learning mechanism in the policy implementation of local government.As the key learner of education policy implementation,local government can promote policy implementation through self-construction by learning,forming a dual loop policy learning mechanism that includes five links:policy content,local learning,policy refinement,implementation effect evaluation,policy adjustment/policy correction,which has been verified in the reform of“county management&school employment”.Therefore,in order to ensure the effective and sustainable operation of the learning mechanism,we should adhere to the principle of gradualism and timely adjust the policy content to improve the cornerstone of the operation of the policy learning mechanism,adopt a multiple learning model combining endogenous learning and exogenous learning to enhance the local government’s own policy learning ability,and smooth the“bottom-up”feedback mechanism based on the evaluation of policy implementation effect to support the policy learning mechanism.