纳米纤维素的光电子性能及器件应用综述

Photoelectronic Properties and Device Applications of Nanocellulose:a Review

纳米纤维素是一种近年来发展迅猛的具有胶体活性的材料,它具有携带可控电荷基团、化学活性高、光学活性高、质量轻、价格低及环境友好等特点,正在快速占领导电材料、显示器、传感器、晶体管、射频器件、发电机、发光二极管等光电子器件及关键材料领域的重要地位。目前,纳米纤维素在光电子材料器件的应用依然存在不少挑战,且纳米纤维素的光电子性能及其器件也未见报道。诸多科学问题和技术难点包括如何从纤维素出发赋予该种光电子新材料性能(胶体颗粒维度、化学基团、亲水性)、如何满足光电子器件结构加工对材料性能的要求、如何明确材料物理化学性质与器件制备的关联机制等需要总结和讨论。本文简单介绍了具有代表性的几种纳米纤维素的制备和特性,着重介绍了纳米纤维素的光电子特性,如光学透过性、光学干涉、散射、液晶手性特性等,列举和讨论了纳米纤维素在太阳能电池基板、智能响应反射涂层、光纤等领域的应用和存在的问题。本文有助于建立纳米纤维素关于制备、微观形貌特征、胶体颗粒尺度效应、关键物化特性和光电子器件性能之间的逻辑关系,可确定构建纳米纤维素相关的新器件结构的设计准则和理论根据,还可为纳米纤维素在乳液、薄膜、模板材料、储能器、电极、纸电子、传感器和致动器等方面的产业化应用提供必要的技术指导。

Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)are colloidal and surface-active materials that have been developed rapidly,due to characteristics such as acontrolled charge group,high chemical activity,high optical activity,light weight,low cost and environmental friendliness.CNCs are gaining increasing interest in photoelectronic device fields such as conductors,displays,sensors,transistors,radiofrequency devices,generators,light-emitting diodes(LED),etc.Despite all this,there are still many challenges for nanocellulose to be applicable in photoelectronic devices,which has not been reviewed yet.It is worth discussing the scientific problems and technical difficulties of CNCs,e.g.,tunability of particle properties(particle dimensions,chemical groups and hydrophilicity),device requirements,and the relationship of the physical/chemical attributes and the devices.This paper introduces the preparation,characteristics and photoelectronic properties(optical transmittance,interference,scattering,liquid crystal chirality,etc.)of nanocellulose,and discusses the applications in solar cells,intelligent responsive/reflective films and optical fibers.We believe this review is helpful to better understand nanocellulose regarding its preparation,micromorphological features,colloidal effects,critical materialization characteristics,and performance.This review also gives a design criterion for devices and a theoretical basis for applications,such as emulsions,films,template materials,energy savers,electrodes,paper electronics,sensors and actuators.