藏北高原那曲天然草地类型及其分布特征

Types and Distribution Characteristics of Natural Grassland in Naqu on Northern Tibetan Plateau

天然草地是青藏高原重要的植被类型,是其生态系统的重要组成部分,但其草地类型及其空间分布状况等基础数据缺乏。根据野外实地调查结合中国草地类型分类法,于2017~2018年初步对藏北高原那曲市草地类型及其分布进行调查研究。结果表明:(1)藏北高原那曲市草地主要有山地草甸类、高寒草甸类、高寒草甸草原类、高寒草原类、高寒荒漠草原类、高寒荒漠类6个大类58个型;(2)受降水影响,那曲市草地类型在水平地带性上分布明显,表现为东部以山地草甸类和高寒草甸草原类为主,中部以高寒草甸类为主,西部以高寒草原类、高寒荒漠草原类、高寒荒漠类为主,且毒杂草滋生;(3)受海拔因素影响,那曲市草地植被在垂直地带性上由低海拔的具乔木禾草草地型过渡到高海拔的红景天-匍匐水柏枝草地型。通过对藏北高原那曲市草地类型及其空间分布的调查研究,初步摸清了那曲市草地资源现状,旨在为该地区草地资源保护和畜牧业发展提供科学依据和理论指导。

Natural grassland is an important vegetation type on the Tibetan plateau and an important part of its ecosystem,but there is a lack of basic data on its grassland types and their spatial distribution status.Based on the field survey combined with the Chinese grassland type classification,a preliminary survey and research on the grassland types and their distribution in Nagqu City,Northern Tibetan Plateau was conducted in 2017~2018.The results showed that there were mainly 58 types of grasslands in six major categories:mountain meadows,alpine meadows,alpine meadows and grasslands,alpine grasslands,alpine desert grasslands,and alpine deserts in Nagqu city of the northern Tibetan plateau.Influenced by precipitation,the distribution of grass types in Naqu City was obvious on horizontal zonality,which showed that the eastern part was dominated by mountain meadow type and alpine meadow steppe type,and the central part was dominated by alpine meadow type,but the western part was dominated by alpine steppe type,alpine desert steppe type,alpine desert type,growing with toxic weed.Due to the influence of altitude factors,the vertical zonation of grassland vegetation in Nagqu City transitted from the grassland type with trees at low altitude to the grassland type with Rhododendron-creeping water cypress branches at high altitude.Through the investigation and study of grassland types and their spatial distribution in Nagqu City of the northern Tibetan plateau,the current situation of grassland resources in Nagqu City was initially mapped,aiming to provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the conservation of grassland resources and the development of animal husbandry in the region.