马铁菊头蝠在西藏首次发现

New Record of Great Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in Tibet, China

2019年7月、2021年7月,分别在西藏自治区错那县和墨脱县开展翼手目Chiroptera物种多样性调查,使用蝙蝠竖琴网采集到4只菊头蝠(1♂,3♀)。该批标本体型较大,前臂长60.13~63.04 mm(61.70 mm±1.31 mm,n=4)。头部具发达鼻叶,鞍状叶两侧中部微凹,呈提琴状,与联接叶几乎等高,上端“T”型连接处有一小凹陷;体毛细密柔软,背毛棕褐色,腹毛浅棕色。头骨狭长,颅全长25.36~26.11 mm(25.85 mm±0.35 mm,n=4),矢状嵴发达;鼻隆近圆形,眶间距狭窄,颧弓发达;上颌门齿较小,几乎不见,上下犬齿发达,齿式为1.1.2.3/2.1.2.3=30。上述特征与马铁菊头蝠Rhinolophus ferrumequinum相吻合,该结果也得到基于cyt b和Rag2基因片段的系统发育学证据支持;鉴定为马铁菊头蝠,为西藏自治区分布新记录。本研究结果丰富了该地区哺乳动物资源多样性。

In July 2019 and July 2021,4 horseshoes bats(1♂,3♀)were collected by harp traps in Cuona and Motuo counties,Tibet Autonomous Region,China.These bats are large with forearm length of 60.13-63.04 mm(61.70 mm±1.31 mm,n=4).All the individuals possess well-developed noseleaf with violin-shaped sella.Sella and connect leaf are almost equal in height,and a shallow depression occurs in the“T”shaped junction of connect leaf.Pelage is fine and soft,with brown dorsal hair and light brown ventral fur.Skull is narrow and long with the greatest length of 25.36-26.11 mm(25.85 mm±0.35 mm,n=4)and well-developed sagittal crest.Nasal bulla is nearly round.Interorbital width is small,and zygomatic is well-developed.The first upper premolars are small and almost invisible.Canines are strong.Dental formula is 1.1.2.3/2.1.2.3=30.All characteristics accord with those of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum,and this is further verified by the phylogenetic inference using the cyt b and Rag2 gene segments.Therefore,the horseshoes bats collected in this study are identified as R.ferrumequinum,a new chiropteran record in Tibet Autonomous Region.Our finding enriches the basic mammalian diversity in this region.