四川卧龙国家级自然保护区大中型兽类空间分布模式

Pattern of Spatial Distribution of Large and Medium‑Sized Mammals in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

为深入了解四川卧龙国家级自然保护区大中型兽类栖息地与丰富度分布现状,以实现更好的种群及栖息地保护,本研究基于物种分布模型与空间叠加法分析了保护区大中型兽类栖息地与丰富度空间分布模式。结果显示:(1)大中型兽类中,偶蹄目Artiodactyla具有较高的优势,适宜栖息地面积排名前5的物种均隶属于偶蹄目,其次为食肉目Carnivora和灵长目Primates。(2)根据24种大中型兽类的适宜栖息地进行空间叠加分析的结果,利用四分位法,按阈值4、9和13将丰富度分为了丰富度低、较低、较高、高4个等级;其中,物种丰富度高与较高的区域共占保护区总面积的2.76%,分布于保护区中部、西南部、东北部、东南部靠近河流且海拔<4000 m的针叶林、灌丛以及针阔混交林。(3)物种丰富度低的区域占保护区总面积的78.29%,主要包括保护区西北部、西部、南部的高海拔区域,保护区海拔>4000 m的区域物种丰富度均为低或较低。本研究揭示了保护区内大中型兽类的栖息地与丰富度分布现状,保护区未来可针对研究结果中的关键区域开展相应保护管理工作(如长期监测),有利于最佳地分配利用有限保护资源,这对维持保护区生态稳定具有重要实际意义。

In order to understand the current habitat distribution and richness of large and medium-sized mammals in the Wolong National Nature Reserve and to achieve better population and habitat protection.This study analyzed the spatial distribution of habitat and richness of large and medium mammals based on species distribution model and spatial superposition method.The results showed that:(1)among the large and medium-sized mammals,mammals in Artiodactyla were the most abundant,and the top 5 species in suitable habitat area belonged to Artiodactyla,followed by Carnivora and Primates.(2)Based on the results of spatially superimposed analysis of the suitable habitats from 24 mammals,the richness was divided into 4 grades with the thresholds of 4,9 and 13.Areas with high species richness occupied 2.76%of the total area of the reserve,and these areas were distributed in coniferous forests,shrublands and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the middle,southwest,northeast and southeast part to rivers below 4000 m asl.(3)The area with low species richness occupied 78.29%of the total area of the reserve,mainly including the high-altitude areas in the northwest,west and south part.The species richness of the area over 4000 m asl was low or relatively low.This study reveals the habitat and richness distribution of large and medium-sized mammals in the reserve,and corresponding conservation work(e.g.long-term monitoring)should be conducted in the key area identified in this study.Those suggestions can promote the rational distribution of limited resources,which is significant to maintain the ecosystem stability of the reserve.