基于补充教育和竞赛系统的俄罗斯天才儿童教育

Education of Gifted Children in Russia based on Supplementary Education and Competition System

俄罗斯天才教育由补充教育系统和竞赛系统组成,前者通过申请考核和学习过程当中的绩效表现鉴别天才儿童,后者通过竞赛名次选拔天才儿童。民间机构会通过各种科技活动发掘在某一领域有天赋的儿童。在天才儿童的培养方面,主要依托补充教育结构培养天才儿童;竞赛系统的推广导致普通中小学对学生的培养方案产生分化;政府依托高校建立了适合天才儿童智力水平的专业侧重型天才中学。政府对天才教育的保障措施包括推出支持天才教育的目标计划和政策支持,以及教师培训计划。

Russia’s gifted education is composed of a supplementary education system and a competition system.The former identifies gifted children through the performance of the application examination and learning process,and the latter selects gifted children through the ranking of the competition.Non-governmental organizations will identify children with talent in a certain field through various scientific and technological activities.In the aspect of the cultivation of gifted children,it mainly relies on the supplementary education structure to cultivate gifted children;the popularization of competition system leads to the differentiation of training programs for students in ordinary primary and middle schools.Relying on colleges and universities,the government has set up a special gifted middle school which is suitable for the intelligence level of gifted children.Government safeguards for gifted education include the introduction of target plans and policy support to support gifted education,as well as teacher training programmes.