质性研究和量化研究的差异——以体育学研究为例

The Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research:Take Sports Research as an Example

科学研究的重要特征之一是做出科学解释,研究者需要结合研究问题和目的选择合适的方法开展演绎或归纳工作。质性研究和量化研究是两种主要的研究方法“集合”,二者在方法论导向和研究实践方面采取了不同的方式。本文从哲学立场、适用性、研究策略与程序、质量评价标准4个方面对质性研究和量化研究的差异予以说明。质性研究和量化研究在研究假设、样本、收集与分析数据方面均存在不同程度的差异。量化研究可以从程序规范性层面和结果层面进行评价,而评价质性研究则主要从程序规范性层面进行。质性研究和量化研究虽存在差异,但随着体育领域研究的不断细化和深入,综合使用质性研究和量化研究将会成为一种自然而然的应对之策。

One of the important features of scientific research is to make scientific explanations,and researchers need to choose appropriate methods to carry out deductive or inductive work in relation to their research problems and purposes.Qualitative research and quantitative research are two major research methods,and they take different approaches in terms of methodological orientation and research practice.This paper examines the difference between qualitative and quantitative research from four aspects:philosophical stance,applicability,research strategies and procedures,and quality evaluation criteria.In terms of research hypotheses,samples,and collection and analysis of data,qualitative and quantitative research are different from each other to certain degree.Quantitative research can be evaluated by procedural norms and outcomes,while qualitative research is mainly evaluated by procedural norms.Although qualitative and quantitative research are different from each other,their combined use will become a tendency as sports research continues to evolve in both details and depth.