日韩足球运动员留洋现象研究:群体特征、动力机制与镜鉴启示

The Going-Abroad Phenomenon of Japanese and Korean Footballers:Group Characteristics,Dynamic Mechanism,and Implications

文章以2010—2019年间日本、韩国效力于欧洲高水平职业足球联赛留洋球员的青训经历与职业生涯数据为基石,勾勒该群体人员的成长模式和群体特征。以“推拉”理论为解释框架,文章揭示足球文化的有机融合、协会与俱乐部间的畅通渠道、球员的个体决策是推动留洋现象的动力源。研究指出,日韩两国完善的校园足球体系和丰富的海外培养项目提供稳定的人才储备,路径清晰的留洋渠道和目标明确的政策配置形成制度化的人才输出环境。据此,我国可通过构建人才培养功能完备的联赛体系、拓宽不同类型的球员留洋途径、探索多主体协同的培养机制与保障措施等方式,不断探索和完善适应我国国情与足球运动发展规律的留洋路径。

By analyzing youth training and career data 2010-2019,this paper portrays the growth patterns and group characteristics of Japanese and Korean professional footballers who have played in top European football leagues.By applying the"push-pull"theory as an explanatory framework,this paper reveals the dynamic mechanism of Japanese and Korean footballers’going abroad phenomenon,which is created jointly by the football culture,the channels of communication between associations and clubs,and the individual player decisions.In Japan and Korea,perfect school soccer systems and various overseas training programs provide a stable talent pool,and clear pathways to stay abroad and targeted policy configurations form an institutionalized talent export environment.From this,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the going abroad of Chinese footballers:building the Chinese league system with a talents development function;broadening the pathway for different types of players to stay abroad;innovating multivariate synergy training mechanisms and guarantee measures.