江西省变电站及其周边线路鸟类多样性与习性分析

The Analysis on Diversity and Habits of Birds in Electric Substations and Surrounding Transmission Lines from Jiangxi Province

该文采用样线法和样点法相结合对江西省变电站及其周边线路鸟类多样性与习性进行分析,共统计到鸟类15目122种,其中陆生鸟类63种,水鸟59种.在陆生鸟类中,雀形目种类最多(48种),占总物种数的39.34%,其次是鹰形目(8种),占总物种数的6.56%;在水鸟中,鸻形目种类最多(19种),占总物种数的15.57%.共记录到国家一级保护动物5种,它们分别为白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、白枕鹤(Grus vipio)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)、黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana);记录到国家二级保护动物16种.国家一级和二级保护动物合计21种,占总物种数的17.21%.在居留型方面以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,分别占总物种数的40.98%和36.89%.在122种鸟类中,以中型和小型鸟类为主,分别占总物种数的35.25%和26.23%,略大型和大型鸟类种类合计占总物种数的25.41%.食性以动物性食性为主(60.66%),其次为杂食性(23.77%);在农田生境中活动的鸟类种类最多,占总物种数的69.67%,其次为湿地(55.74%)和林地(45.08%).66.39%的鸟类会停歇在电力设备上,35.25%的鸟类会集成上百只的大群.大体型的鸟类、在电力设备上活动和集大群的鸟类易引发电网故障.该文对电网涉鸟故障的防治提出了相关建议.

Adopting the combination of line transect method and sample point method,a total of 122 species of 15 orders,including 63 species of terrestrial birds and 59 species of water birds are recorded in electric substations and surrounding transmission lines.Among terrestrial birds,Passeriformes has the largest number of 48 species,accounting for 39.34%of the total species,followed by Accipitriformes with 8 species,accounting for 6.56%of the total species.Among the water birds,Charadriiformes with 19 species are the most,accounting for 15.57%of the total species.The Siberian crane Grus leucogeranus,white-naped crane Grus vipio,hooded Crane Grus monacha,Oriental white stork Ciconia boyciana,and black stork Ciconia nigra are listed in the first category of China′s nationally protected bird species list,and 16 other species are listed in the second category,which accounting for 17.21%of the total number of species.In terms of residence type,resident birds and winter migratory birds account for 40.98%and 36.89%of the total species respectively.Among the 122 species of birds,medium-sized and small-sized birds account for 35.25%and 26.23%of the total species respectively,and slightly large and large birds account for 25.41%of the total species.The feeding habits are mainly animal-feeders(60.66%),followed by omnivorous(23.77%).The bird species in farmland habitat are the most,accounting for 69.67%of the total species,followed by wetland(55.74%)and woodland(45.08%).Among them,66.39%of the birds will rest on the electric wire or tower,and 35.25%of the birds will gather in a large group with above 100 individuals.Large-size,moving on power equipments and gathering with large group are more likely to cause transmission line faults.Some suggestions on the prevention and control of bird related faults in power grid are put forward.