2Foley KM,Posner JB.Pain and its management.In:Wyngaarden JB,Smith LH.Cecil textbook of medicine.18th ed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company,1988:104-112.
3Philips WJ,Currier BL.Analgesic pharmacology:I.Neurophysiology.J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2004,12(4):213-220.
4Parvizi J,Miller AG,Gandhi K.Multimodal pain management after total joint arthroplasty.J Bone Joint Surg Am,2011,93(11):1075-1084.
5Mc Cartney CJ,Nelligan K.Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients:treatment options.Drugs Aging,2014,31(2):83-91.
6Buvanendran A,Kroin JS,Tuman KJ,et al.Effects of perioperative administration of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor on pain management and recovery of function after knee replacement:a randomized controlled trial.JAMA,2003,290(18):2411-2418.
7Huang YM,Wang CM,Wang CT,et al.Perioperative celecoxib administration for pain management after total knee arthroplasty-a randomized,controlled study.BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2008,9:77.
8Bourne MH.Analgesics for orthopedic postoperative pain.Am J Orthop(Belle Mead NJ),2004,33(3):128-135.
9Casati A,Ostroff R,Casimiro C,et al.72-hour epidural infusion of 0.125%levobupivacaine following total knee replacement:a prospective,randomized,controlled,multicenter evaluation.Acta Biomed,2008,79(1):28-35.
10F?rster JG,Rosenberg PH.Small dose of clonidine mixed with low-dose ropivacaine and fentanyl for epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.Br J Anaesth,2004,93(5):670-677.
