鄂西南地区地方知识再生产与美洲粮食作物引种

The Introduction of American Crops and Reproduction of Local Knowledge in South-Western Hubei

清朝初年,美洲粮食作物开始在鄂西南地区引种,至清中期成为当地的主粮。新作物的引入和落地生根无疑是地方经济、社会、文化发展进程中的重大事件。这些适宜南方山区种植的粮食作物不仅改变了当地民众的生计方式,也改变了他们的生活方式。随着玉米、红薯、马铃薯的引种,当地人逐步认识到引进农作物与自然生境的关系,并在既往劳动实践经验积累的基础上摸索总结,重新构建了一套从作物管理、收获贮藏到食品加工的完整的地方知识体系。同时,新作物的引种、推广和传播通过集体劳动促发了民众文艺活动,丰富了文人创作题材。民间劳动歌谣还与地方传统祭祀礼仪相结合,充实了民众的精神生活,延续和传承着地域传统文化。

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty,food crops originating in America began to be introduced in southwestern Hubei,and became the local food in the mid-Qing Dynasty.Introducing and rooting of new crops was undoubtedly a major event in the process of local development.The crops had not only changed people’s ways of life,but also their livelihood.Local people gradually realized the relationship between the introduced crops and their natural habitats.Based on accumulated experiences of previous labor practices,they rebuilt a complete local knowledge system from crop management,harvest and storage,and food processing as well.Meanwhile,the new crops which introduced,popularized and disseminated in production and labor process had promoted mass literary and artistic activities,and also provided creative materials for scholars'literature.The folk labor songs were also combined with the local traditional sacrificial rites that enriched the people's spiritual and cultural life,which also continued and inherited regional traditional culture.