矿山灾害应急救援生命保障孔钻井工艺研究

Research on the Drilling Technology of the Life Support Hole for the Mine Disaster Emergency Rescue

现阶段,救援钻孔在国内外开展实践,促进了地下工程和矿山应急救援技术的开展。地下工程和矿山灾害救援的有效途径,是探索的“大直径救生孔和小直径救生孔”模式。在地下工程和煤矿开采建设过程中,造成地面塌陷基本是由井下透水、爆炸、顶板灾害等,使井下工人容易被困。事故发生后,救援成功的重要因素是及时打开救援通道,提供必要的心理支持和物资。过去,地面或地下直接大直径钻孔的方法,一般在矿山事故和地下工程的救援过程中采用。由于钻井效率低、破岩断面大、施工时间长,耽误了宝贵的救援时间,往往会在隧道成功贯通时经常有人死亡。目前,迫切需要一种新的救援理念,因为传统的救援方法已经不能满足当前的救援要求,为大大降低事故人员的伤亡率。文章基于矿山灾害救援地面生命孔钻井技术,分别介绍了空气潜孔锤正循环钻井工艺和泥浆正循环钻井技术,分析了套管选择方法和小直径生命孔的结构设计,并以某城市金矿生命救援钻孔为例,根据轨迹设计理论,分析了目前生命保障钻孔技术的难点。针对该金矿救援3号生命保障孔的偏斜问题,超短距离螺旋矫正技术被创新性地提出,为后续生命保障孔施工积累了宝贵经验,取得了良好的应用效果。

At the present stage, rescue drilling is practiced at home and abroad, which promotes the development of underground engineering and mine emergency rescue technology. The effective way of underground engineering and mine disaster rescue is the mode of “large diameter hole and small diameter saving hole”. In the process of underground engineering and coal mining construction, the ground collapse is basically caused by the underground flooding, explosion, roof disaster,so that the underground workers are easy to be trapped. After the accident, the important factor for the success of rescue is to open the rescue channel in time and provide necessary psychological support and materials. In the past, the method of large diameter drilling directly above or underground was generally used in the rescue process of mine accidents and underground engineering. Due to the low drilling efficiency, large rock breaking section and long construction time, the precious rescue time is delayed, and some people often die when the tunnel is successfully completed. At present, there is an urgent need for a new rescue concept, because the traditional rescue method has been unable to meet the current rescue requirements, in order to greatly reduce the casualty rate of accidents. Based on the mine disaster rescue ground life hole drilling technology, this paper respectively introduces the air submersible hole hammer normal cycle drilling process and mud normal cycle drilling technology, analyzes the casing selection method and small diameter life hole structure design, and takes a city gold mine life rescue drilling as an example, according to the trajectory design theory, analyzes the difficulties of the life support drilling technology. In view of the deflection problem of the No.3 life support hole in the gold mine rescue, the ultra-short distance spiral correction technology has been put forward innovatively, which has accumulated valuable experience for the subsequent construction of the life support hole and achieved good application results.