核电厂放射性可燃废物管理办法

Methods for the Management of Radioactive Combustible Wastes from Nuclear Power Plants

核电机组产生的大量放射性固体废物中,大部分为低放射性的可燃物质,为缓解核电废物的暂存压力,提高减容效率,提出一套核电厂放射性可燃废物的焚烧管理办法,其具体流程包括分拣、打包、装箱、放射性活度检测、装车、外表面污染检测、运送、焚烧、焚烧灰处理等步骤。其中最重要的环节是放射性活度检测和焚烧处理。放射性活度检测主要包括对放射性废物的整体包装无损检测和外表面污染检测,检测内容主要包括7类核素、B类核素和a类核素的比活度检测,以及装车后外表面污染程度。焚烧处理需要控制废料的配比,且要充分燃烧,做好烟气净化,避免环境污染。

Most of the large amount of radioactive solid waste produced by nuclear power units are low-radioactive combustible substances.To alleviate the temporary storage pressure of nuclear power waste and improve the capacity reduction efficiency,a set of incineration management measures for radioactive combustible waste in nuclear power plants are proposed.The specific process includes sorting,packaging,packing,radioactive activity detection,loading,external surface pollution detection,transportation,incineration,incineration ash treatment and other steps.Among them the most important link is radioactivity detection and incineration treatment.Radioactive activity detection is mainly for the overall packaging of radioactive waste nondestructive testing and external surface contamination detection,detection content is mainly y nuclide,p nuclide and a nuclide specific activity detection,as well as the degree of external surface contamination after loading.