卫星网络路由技术现状及展望

The Status Quo and Prospect of Satellite Network Routing Technology

与地面固定通信网络不同,卫星网络的节点高度动态性、有限的星上处理能力和网络拓扑周期性变化的特点给卫星互联网的路由协议与算法设计带来了新的挑战。该文系统梳理了学术界针对卫星网络所提出的路由技术,提出了卫星路由技术未来的发展方向。首先介绍了卫星网络架构和目前在卫星通信系统上应用的主要路由协议,并且简要介绍了卫星光通信网络的路由问题;其次,根据卫星节点的管理方式以及路由表生成方式将路由算法分类为集中式卫星路由、分布式卫星路由以及混合式卫星路由,详细介绍了各类卫星路由方法的代表性成果并总结其优化目标和适用场景;接着,总结了不同卫星网络场景和网络需求下如何选择合适的卫星路由算法;最后,阐述目前卫星路由技术面临的挑战以及未来的发展趋势,并在附录中介绍了当前主流的卫星网络仿真平台。

Different from terrestrial fixed communication networks, new challenges are brought to the design of routing protocols and algorithms for satellite Internet because of the characteristics of highly dynamic nodes,limited on-board processing capabilities and periodic changes of network topology in satellite networks.The routing technology proposed by the academic community for satellite networks is sorted out comprehensively and the future research hotspots of satellite routing technology is given in this paper. Firstly, the architecture of the satellite network and the main routing protocols currently used in the satellite communication system are introduced, and the routing problem of the satellite optical communication network is also briefly introduced.Secondly, the routing algorithms are classified into centralized satellite routing, distributed satellite routing and hybrid satellite routing according to the management method of satellite nodes and the routing table generation method.Later the representative results of various satellite routing methods are introduced and their optimization goals and applicable scenarios are summarized in detail. Then, how to choose the appropriate satellite network scenarios and network requirements under different satellite network scenarios is summarized.Finally, the challenges faced by the current satellite routing technology and future research hotspots are described, and the current mainstream satellite network simulation platforms are introduced in the appendix.