DTI和SWI检查儿童轻微脑外伤的研究进展

Research progress of DTI and SWI in children with mild brain injury

儿童发生轻微脑外伤(mild traumatic brain injury,mTBI)的人数越来越多,成为儿童远期认知功能障碍的主要原因之一。临床通常将CT作为首选检查方式,但磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查相对于CT检查没有电离辐射,能够更好的显示脑组织的细微结构,且对于病灶的敏感性高,故MRI检查儿童脑外伤有替代CT检查的趋势。弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)和磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)是MRI新技术,它们对由轻微脑外伤造成的脑白质损伤和弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)敏感性高,对于患者损伤严重程度的临床评估以及预后都有重要指导意义,因此被越来越多的应用于儿童轻微脑外伤患者。本文就近年来DTI和SWI磁共振成像检查儿童轻微脑外伤的研究进展作一简单综述。

The number of children with mild sranmatic brain injury(MTBI)is increasing,which has become one of the main causes of children’s long-term cognitive impairment.CT is usually the first choice in clinic,but compared with CT,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has no ionizing radiation,can better display the fine structure of brain tissue,and has high sensitivity to lesions.Therefore,MRI has the trend to replace CT in children with brain trauma.Diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)are new MRI technologies.They are highly sensitive to white matter injury and diffuse axonal injury(DAI)caused by mild brain injury,and have important guiding significance for clinical evaluation of injury severity and prognosis.Therefore,it is more and more used in children with mild brain injury.This paper reviews the research progress of DTI and SWI magnetic resonance imaging in children with mild brain injury in recent years.