中国电影院空间分布特征及其影响因素

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Chinese Cinemas and Its Influencing Factors

电影院是满足人民美好生活需要的重要载体。通过网络爬虫技术爬取大众点评网中我国电影院相关属性数据,通过核密度、空间自相关等方法分析我国电影院的区域分异、空间集聚性与空间关联性特征,再结合多元回归计量方法探讨电影院空间分布与人口、经济、交通、城市化等影响因素之间的关系。研究结果发现:从影院院线结构来看,前十大院线占到了全国电影院总量的半壁江山,头部优势较为明显;从区域分异特征来看,粤、苏、浙、川、豫、鲁、鄂7省电影院总量将近占到全国的一半,省际分异显著,全国半数电影院在市域尺度集中在约16%的地级市,在县域尺度集中在约12%的县域,全国电影院空间分布呈“东多西少、南多北少”的空间分布特征;从空间集聚性特征来看,中国电影院整体上呈明显的“东密西疏”空间集聚性特征,并形成2个高密度区、5个次级高密度区和多个高集聚区;从空间关联性特征来看,我国省际间电影院发展未呈现显著的全局空间自相关性,而局部关联性主要以H-H、L-L、L-H类型为主,整体呈现“东热西冷”的关联格局;从影响因素回归情况看,城镇化发展、交通条件、政策支撑、人口规模、经济发展、居民收入水平等内部与外部环境因素均呈现出较强的相关性,并在不同程度上影响了电影院分布的数量、集聚程度以及空间形态。

As cinema is an important carrier to meet people’s needs for a better life, this paper crawls the relevant attribute data of Chinese cinemas from the official website of Public Comment by web crawler technology and analyzes the characteristics of regional differentiation, spatial agglomeration and spatial correlation by GIS methods such as kernel density and spatial autocorrelation.Then, the relationship between cinema spatial distribution and population, economy, transportation, urbanization and other factors is discussed by multiple regression method.The results show as follows: from the perspective of cinema line structure, the top ten cinema lines account for half of the total number of cinemas in China, with obvious head advantage;from the perspective of regional differentiation characteristics, the total number of cinemas in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong and Hubei provinces takes up nearly half of the total number of cinemas in China, with about 16% of prefecture level cities accounting for nearly 50%,and about 12% of counties accounting for 50%;the spatial distribution of cinemas in China is characterized by “more in the East and less in the West, more in the South and less in the North”;from the perspective of spatial agglomeration, Chinese cinemas are featured by “dense in the East and sparse in the West”,forming two high-density areas, five secondary high-density areas and several high-density areas;from the perspective of spatial correlation, there is no significant overall spatial autocorrelation among provinces in the development of cinemas while the local correlation is mainly of H-H,L-L,L-H types, and the overall correlation pattern is “hot in the East and cold in the West”;from the regression of influencing factors, the internal and external environmental factors have shown strong correlation and different impact on the number of cinemas, the degree of agglomeration and the spatial form, including urbanization development, traffic conditions, policy support, population size, economic development, and residents’ income level.