基于地面调查的植被生态质量综合评估指标体系构建

Construction of comprehensive evaluation index system of vegetation ecological quality based on field survey

植被是陆地生态系统的主体,是保障生态质量的基础,也是基于自然的生态系统增汇、实现“碳中和”的重要利器。植被是生态质量评价的核心要素,但目前的生态质量评价研究中所用到的植被指标多是通过遥感反演或者气象指数模型计算得到的,而基于典型生态系统尺度地面调查的植被观测数据更直接、更准确,数据也很丰富,却很少用于生态质量评价,也缺乏系统的评价指标体系。通过文献研究、专家研讨和问卷调查,并借鉴群落退化演替和生态系统长期监测研究的理论基础,构建基于地面调查的植被生态质量综合评估指标体系。该指标体系整体分为三级,一级综合指数由群落结构指数、物质生产指数、生物多样性指数、群落发展或者演替趋势4个二级分项指标构成,二级分项指标由12—14个三级指标组成,不同植被类型各有其特征指标。该体系将完善我国多尺度陆地生态系统的生态质量评价指标体系,为新时期国家生态质量评价提供科学建议,为我国生态文明建设提供技术支撑。

Vegetation is the main component of terrestrial ecosystem,the core element of ecological quality evaluation,the basis ensuring ecological quality,and an important tool to increase carbon sink for nature-based solutions and realize“carbon neutralization”.Most of the current indices used for ecological quality evaluation are achieved through approaches of remote sensing retrieval or meteorological index model.The vegetation quality index based on long-term monitoring in the field are more authentic but rarely used in ecological quality evaluation.Therefore,this study constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of vegetation ecological quality at site scale based on literature research,expert consultation,questionnaire survey,and theories of plant community succession and ecosystem long-term monitoring.This index system is formed by indicators of three levels.The first level index is composed of four second level indicators:vegetation structure index,vegetation production index,biodiversity index,and vegetation development or succession trend.The third level indicators include 12—14 indicators based on field survey.Different vegetation types have a few specific indexes.We expected that this research could improve the vegetation ecological quality index system of multi-scale terrestrial ecosystem in China,and provide scientific support for national ecological quality evaluation in the new era.