生物多样性产品价值实现的路径与制度安排——国外生物多样性银行经验借鉴与启示

Paths and institutional arrangements for the value realization of biodiversity products:Experiences and inspirations of foreign bio-banking

实现生物多样性价值是激励保护者保护生物多样性、构建保护者与受益者的良性互动关系、推动生物多样性保护、实现经济社会可持续发展的重要手段。美国、澳大利亚等国家通过实施生物多样性银行制度,借助市场力量交易生物多样性信用,实现生物物种的价值,实现了生物多样性保护目标。在明确生物多样性概念和价值的基础上,系统梳理了国外生物多样性银行制度的产生与发展、生物多样性银行的设立与运营,重点阐释了如何交易“生物多样性信用”。在此基础上,总结生物多样性银行制度对我国的经验借鉴,并从制度保障、市场体系构建和保护绩效评价三方面提出我国建立生物多样性银行的政策建议。研究结论可为我国推动生物多样性产品价值实现提供参考与借鉴。

Value realization of biodiversity is an important means to encourage conservators to protect biodiversity and to build the positively interactive relationship between conservators and beneficiaries.It can not only promote biodiversity conservation,but also achieve sustainable economic and social development.The bio-banking system is an important means to realize the value of biodiversity.By protecting the endangered species,preserving,enhancing,restoring,and creating new species habitats,investors of conservation banks can obtain biodiversity credit.The investors can sell biodiversity credits to developers with compensation needs,and gain benefits from them,thus realizing the value of biodiversity.The United States,Australia and other countries have realized the value of biodiversity by implementing bio-banking system and trading biodiversity credit with the help of market forces,thus achieving the goal of biodiversity protection.On the basis of clarifying the concept and value of biodiversity,this paper systematically reviews the emergence and development of bio-banking system,the establishment and operation of conservation banks,and emphatically explains the value realization process of“biodiversity credit”transaction.On this basis,the study summarizes the experience of bio-banking system for China,and puts forward policy suggestions for establishing bio-banking system in China from three aspects:improving the species property rights system,biodiversity protection laws and other institutional safeguards;innovating the market operation mode of biodiversity conservation;strengthening biodiversity value assessment and biodiversity conservation performance evaluation.These efforts can provide reference for promoting the value realization of biodiversity products in China.