企业所得税间接优惠与纳税遵从度

Indirect Preferential Policy of Enterprise Income Tax and Tax Compliance

企业纳税遵从度的提升是有效税制的重要保障。利用2014年分步实施的固定资产加速折旧政策,以2010—2017年A股上市公司为样本,考察企业所得税间接优惠政策对纳税遵从度的影响。研究发现,加速折旧政策显著提升了企业纳税遵从度。作用机制分析发现,加速折旧政策主要通过缓解内源性融资约束、提高外源融资能力以及增加信息透明度途径显著提升企业纳税遵从度。异质性检验发现,政策对纳税遵从度的提升作用主要存在于融资约束较严重、机构投资者监督力度较小、受行政监督力度较大以及避税动机较强的民营企业和小企业中。未来还需进一步扩大加速折旧政策的普及面,增强政策作用力度,并且关注政策在不同企业间的具体落实情况,使得减税降费下税收收入职能可以发挥更好的效果。

The level of corporate tax compliance is the key for enterprise income tax to contribute to financial revenue.Theoretically,the tax burden of enterprise income tax directly borne by enterprises is not easy to be transferred.However,enterprises have a strong motivation to implement tax avoidance in the face of highly sustainable,large-scale,and unpaid net cash outflow projects.Therefore,the implementation of preferential policies of enterprise income tax will inevitably affect the tax avoidance behavior of enterprises,which will directly affect the functional effectiveness of tax revenue.However,there is a lack of research on the relationship between indirect preferential policies of enterprise income tax and corporate tax compliance in existing literature,especially from the perspective of indirect preferential policies of enterprise income tax.Using the sample of A-share listed enterprises from 2010 to 2017,this paper measures corporate tax compliance with the index of manipulative difference between book and tax accounting,and uses the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets implemented step by step in 2014 as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the relationship between enterprise income tax preference and corporate tax compliance with the progressive difference-in-differences method.The empirical research finds that the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets has significantly improved corporate tax compliance,and the effect has a certain sustainability.It will be gradually enhanced with the reform.The research results have passed a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis shows that the accelerated depreciation policy can improve corporate tax compliance by alleviating internal financing constraints,improving external financing capacity,and increasing information transparency.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the role of accelerated depreciation policy in improving corporate tax compliance is mainly reflected in enterprises with high financing constraints,enterprises with weak supervision by institutional investors,enterprises in areas with a high level of tax administration,and private enterprises and small-sized enterprises with strong tax avoidance motivation.Compared with previous literature,this paper contributes to the following three aspects.First,it measures the efficiency of enterprise income tax contributing to financial revenue by corporate tax compliance,gives the micro-level evidence that the indirect preferential policies of enterprise income tax promote the improvement of the functional effectiveness of tax revenue function,and explains the underlying mechanism from two aspects of abundant enterprise cash flow and improving information transparency.Second,it uses the quasi-natural experiment of the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets and adopts the progressive difference-in-differences method to identify the causal relationship between the indirect preferential policies of enterprise income tax and corporate tax compliance,extending the effect evaluation of tax policy from the investment behavior to the financial behavior of enterprises.Third,it focuses on the tax governance strategies of local governments under increasing financial pressure and expands research on the impact of accelerated depreciation policy on corporate tax compliance from the perspective of financing constraints,supervision mechanisms,and differences in tax avoidance motivation.On the one hand,this paper enriches the literature on the factors affecting corporate tax compliance and gives the theoretical and empirical evidence that the indirect preferential policies of enterprise income tax affect corporate tax compliance from the micro level,which confirms that the indirect preferential policies of enterprise income tax will promote the improvement of the functional effectiveness of tax revenue.On the other hand,it is also helpful to provide some thoughts on how to control the non-compliance behavior of enterprises and balance the financial resources of enterprises and the state against the background of increasing financial pressure.