美国移民配额制:设计、逻辑和借鉴意义

The U.S.Immigration Quota System:Design,Logic,and Enlightenment

移民配额制是世界通行的移民数量和质量调控手段。美国实施移民配额制已有百年历史,期间曾经历多次变革。通过梳理、分析美国移民配额制的历史演变和现状,揭示这一政策在维护美国利益、准确把握移民控制尺度方面的良好效用。借鉴美国相关经验,结合我国移民管理现状及存在问题,建构我国移民配额制,主要设想包括科学严谨设置配额、合理调配人员比例、限制自由裁量程度、建立地区差异政策等。

The immigration quota system is applied by many countries in the world,which helps regulate the quantity and quality of immigrants.The immigration quota system has been implemented in the United States for a century and has undergone many changes during this period.By sorting out and analyzing the historical evolution and current situation of the U.S.immigration quota system,I find that this policy has a positive effect in safeguarding the national interests and accurately grasping the degree of immigration control.Based on the relevant experience of the United States,considering the current situation and existing problems of China’s immigration administration,it is suggested to build up our country’s immigration quota system,and the main ideas include scientific and rigorous quota setting,reasonable allocation of immigrants of different kinds,limiting the degree of discretion in approval,and establishing regional difference policies.