“神舟”飞船上升段航天员远海应急溅落医疗救护特点与策略

Features of astronaut medical rescue in the open sea in case of emergency splash during the ascent stage of spacecraf and practical countermeasures

载人飞船上升段应急溅落的返回舱搜索打捞和航天员救援是海上卫勤保障任务的重点之一。根据海军军医大学第一附属医院圆满完成“神舟十二号”和“神舟十三号”远海医疗保障任务的经验,笔者重点阐述了航天员海上医疗救护的特点,提出了切实可行的医疗救护策略与流程,探讨了航天员应急溅落海上主要伤病情如低温症、海水浸泡伤及海水淹溺等及其处理原则,对后续航天员应急溅落的海上医疗救援具有重要的借鉴意义。

The search and salvage of the emergency splash-down capsule and the rescue of astronauts during the ascent stage of the manned spacecraft are the key tasks for maritime medical support missions.Based on the experience of open sea medical support for“Shenzhou-12”and“Shenzhou-13”implemented by the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,following key points were elaborated in the paper:the features of astronaut medical rescue in the open sea;practical countermeasures or strategies and procedures of medical care;exploration of major injuries and illnesses,such as hypothermia,sea-water immersion and near-drowning and related treatment principles in case of emergency,so as to provide reference for the rescue of astronauts in any forthcoming splash-down of manned spacecraft.