数字化时代重思马克思的社会有机体理论

Rethinking Marx’s Social Organism Theory in the Digital Age

数字化使社会生产更加紧密地整合在一起,人们的生活形成世界历史性关联,生产、生活被深刻融入数字生态系统中,社会系统的演化加速推进,数字化时代为马克思的社会有机体理论开出了新的局面。但是,数字化之数学化、逻辑化倾向和机械论、还原论的基本规定又与马克思的社会有机体理论存在着直观的矛盾。克服理论与现实脱节的问题才是对马克思社会有机体理论进行重思的根本任务。事实上,深层的、原则性的矛盾发生在人的数字化生存状况与马克思社会有机体理论“按人的方式”的本质要求之间。数字化确实以佯谬的方式弱化了人的能动性,增强了人的受动性,使人在数字化社会有机体中处于更加深刻却又更加隐晦的无机境遇。为此,我们需要结合马克思所论社会有机体的不同维度,坚持系统观念,把握数字化限度,确保美好生活旨归,释放共同活动潜能,从而形成真正的数字化社会有机体。

Digitization makes social production more closely integrated. People’s lives form world-historical connections,producing and living are profoundly integrated into digital ecosystem, the evolution of social systems is accelerated. The digital age opens up a new reality for Marx’s social organism theory. However, holding mathematical and formal logical nature, as well as an essential coherence to mechanism and reductionism, digitization is in visualized contradiction with social organism theory.The critical task of rethinking Marx’s social organism theory is to fill up the gap between theory and reality. In fact, profound and principled contradiction is between the digital being of human and the essential requirement of the theory to “being like human”. Digitization has indeed weakened human activity dramatically and enhanced passivity, making human in a deeper but more obscure inorganic situation in digital social organism. Therefore, we need to combine different dimensions of Marx ’s social organism theory, insist system concept, grasp the limit of digitization, ensure the purpose of well-being and release the potential of common activities, so as to form an authentic digital social organism.