2013-2021年新疆维吾尔自治区孕产妇乙型肝炎病毒检测及感染情况分析

Detection and prevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang,2013-2021

目的分析新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)不同地区孕产妇乙型肝炎(乙肝)检测、感染情况和时空分布,为制定乙肝防控政策和措施提供参考依据。方法利用预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播信息管理系统监测数据,使用SPSS 25.0和Geoda 1.14软件,分析2013-2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率、检测阳性率年度变化和检测阳性率时空分布特征。结果2013-2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率从93.68%提升到了99.99%,孕期乙肝检测率从69.33%提升到了99.40%,乙肝感染孕产妇所生新生儿的乙肝免疫球蛋白注射率从96.11%提升到了99.79%,孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率从2013年的2.60%下降到2021年的2.36%。乙肝平均检测阳性率最高的3个地区分别是博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、克拉玛依市和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,均超过了3.40%,较低的3个地区为和田地区、阿勒泰地区和阿克苏地区,低于1.70%。Moran’s I分析显示新疆孕产妇的乙肝感染未出现空间聚集现象。结论新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率保持较高水平,孕期检测率逐年上升;孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率虽略有降低,但未呈下降趋势,并且地区间差异较大,呈区域随机性分布。应加强孕产妇人群的乙肝感染防控,进一步减少乙肝母婴传播。

Objective To analyze the detection,prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in different areas of Xinjiang and provide evidence for the hepatitis B prevention and control in pregnant women.Methods The data were collected from the information management system for preventing mother to child transmission of AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B,and software SPSS 25.0 and Geoda 1.14 were used to analyze the annual changes of detection rate,positive detection rate and spatiotemporal distribution of positive detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang from 2013 to 2021.Results From 2013 to 2021,the detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang increased from 93.68%to 99.99%,the detection rate of HBsAg during pregnancy increased from 69.33%to 99.40%,the injection rate of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in newborns of mothers with hepatitis B increased from 96.11%to 99.79%,and the positive detection rate in pregnant women decreased from 2.60%in 2013 to 2.36%in 2021.Three areas with high average hepatitis B positive detection rates were Boertala,Karamay and Bayingoleng prefectures,with positive rates exceeding 3.40%,while the three areas with low average hepatitis B positive detection rates were Hotan,Altay and Aksu,with positive rates below 1.70%.Moran index analysis showed no spatial clustering of hepatitis B cases in pregnant women in Xinjiang.Conclusion The detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang remained to be high,and the detection rate during pregnancy increased year by year.Although the positive detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women decreased slightly,it did not show a downward trend,and there were large area specific differences,showing an area specific random distribution.The prevention and control of hepatitis B in pregnant women should be strengthened to further reduce the mother to child transmission.