冬小麦—夏玉米复种的生产效率及其时空分异

STUDY ON THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AND ITS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF WINTER WHEAT AND SUMMER MAIZE MULTIPLE CROPPING

[目的]提高粮食生产效率是保障国家粮食安全的重要任务,对粮食生产中典型的冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的生产效率进行分析,可以精确把握粮食生产效率,为粮食生产相关政策制定提供参考。[方法]文章基于2007—2018年6省(市)面板数据,运用SBM-DEA和Fare-Primont模型从静态和动态视角对冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的技术效率和全要素生产率的空间分布和时序变动特征进行测算及比较。[结果]冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的平均技术效率和全要素生产率水平值分别为0.793和0.744;机械投入、农药投入和水资源投入的平均冗余率较高,分别为28.693%、26.670%和21.578%。剩余混合效率即投入产出混合比例优化是造成冬小麦—夏玉米全要素生产率地区差异的主要原因;冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的全要素生产率波动中小幅上升,技术进步、技术效率和剩余混合效率是主要影响因素。[结论]冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的低生产效率客观存在,应通过生产资料的科学合理投入,加快科技创新推广,推动粮食生产适度规模经营等方式来推动粮食高质量发展。

To improve grain production efficiency is an important task to ensure national food security,and this research aims to analyze the production efficiency of the typical winter wheat and summer maize multiple cropping pattern in grain production,so as to accurately grasp the grain production efficiency and provide reference for the formulation of grain production related policies.Based on the panel data of 6 provinces(cities)from 2007 to 2018,this paper used SBM-DEA and Fare-Primont model to measure the spatial distribution and temporal variation trend of technical efficiency and total factor productivity of winter wheat and summer maize multiple cropping pattern from the static and dynamic perspectives.The results showed that the average technical efficiency and total factor productivity of winter wheat and summer maize multiple cropping pattern were 0.793 and 0.744,the average redundancy rate of machinery input,pesticide input and water resource input were 28.693%,26.670%and21.578%,respectively.Residual mix efficiency as the optimization of mixed proportion of input and output was the main reason for the regional difference of TFP in the winter wheat and summer maize multiple cropping pattern,the total factor productivity of winter wheat and summer maize multiple cropping pattern rose slightly in fluctuation,and technical progress,technical efficiency and residual mixed efficiency were the main influencing factors.It concludes that the low production efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize multiple cropping pattern objectively exists,so it should promote the development of high quality grain by scientific and reasonable input of means of production,accelerating the promotion of technological innovation,and promoting the moderate scale operation of grain production.