“双减”政策执行的制度困境及其纾解

The Implementation Dilemma of“Double Reduction”Policy and Its Relief——Based on the Perspective of Institutional Analysis

“双减”政策内蕴的教育理想有赖于政策的有效执行。通过选取来自广西、湖南和湖北3个省份的学生、家长、校长以及教育行政部门官员的深度访谈及部分学校的实地调研发现,“双减”政策执行存在“路径依赖”“消极变通”与“规避敷衍”等困境,影响了政策实施效果。从制度分析的视角审视,“双减”政策执行主要受制度运行的交易成本、“政策-制度”之间的嵌入关系以及各制度行动主体之间利益博弈的影响。制度约束对政策执行产生基础性与全面性影响。化解“双减”政策执行困境需要进行积极的制度建构:以有效的信息沟通机制,明晰的权责关系以及适当的制度弹性降低交易成本;加强政策执行中的制度协同,构建不同制度之间的良好嵌入关系;通过集蕴价值共识,调适个体利益冲突与完善多元共治制度,凝聚政策执行多元力量。

The educational ideal inherent in the“double reduction”policy depends on the effective implementation of the policy.Through the empirical study,there are some execution difficulties in the implementation of the“double reduction”policy,such as“mechanical promotion”,“passive flexibility”and“collusion avoidance”.The“double reduction”policy is implemented under specific institutional constraints,which is affected by three aspects:the transaction cost of institutional operation,the embedded relationship between“policy and institution”and the interest game between policy stakeholders.To solve the dilemma of“double reduction”policy implementation,it is necessary to construct a supportive institutional environment,that is to reduce the transaction costs with effective information communication mechanism,clear property rights relationship and moderately prosperous institutional flexibility;to strengthen institutional coordination in policy implementation and build a good embedded relationship between different institutions;to build up the power of co-governance by multiple subjects through shared values,interest adjustment and multi-centric governance.