政府推动抑或市场驱动——中国旅游经济效率提升的动力研究

Government Impetus or Market Driven: On the Driving Force for the Economic Efficiency of China’s Regional Tourism

中国旅游经济效率的提升,既归功于政府主导模式带来的资本集中和基础条件改善,又得益于市场化改革解除了束缚要素效能发挥的障碍。文章测算2007—2019年省际旅游全要素生产率,构建面板向量自回归模型探究政府推动、市场驱动对旅游经济效率的影响。研究发现:(1)从影响系数来看,市场驱动对旅游经济的提升作用显著高于政府推动,且二者作用均具有时间滞后性和空间异质性。(2)从脉冲响应函数来看,全国范围内,政府推动、市场驱动对旅游经济效率均表现为先正后负的冲击效应,但市场驱动效应更持久;分区域检验中,政府推动、市场驱动对中、西部地区旅游经济效率表现为由负转正的长期效应,对东部地区则为短期抑制效应。(3)从方差分解来看,市场驱动对旅游经济效率的贡献最高达17.2%,远高于政府推动的最高值2.9%;区域层面上,政府推动对东部地区旅游经济效率的贡献最大,市场驱动对西部地区贡献最大,中部地区2013年之前政府推动贡献大,之后市场驱动贡献大。以上结论为实现有为政府和有效市场在旅游业高质量发展中更好地结合提供了参考依据。

There has been a big boost in China’s economic efficiency of tourism. This can be attributed to not only the government-led industrial development model that has brought about capital concentration and better basic conditions, but also the market-oriented reform that has removed barriers restricting the effectiveness of production factors. The former provides impetus for higher economic efficiency of tourism through public investment and industrial policies and the latter acts as a driver by promoting optimal allocation of resources and industrial restructuring. This paper measures the total factor productivity of inter-provincial tourism in China from 2007 to 2019 by using the data envelopment analysis(DEA)-Malmquist index. Besides, a panel vector autoregression(PVAR) model is constructed to explore the dynamic impact of government impetus and market driven forces on the economic efficiency of tourism, along with spatial differentiation. The study has found that:(1) The influence coefficient indicated that market driven forces have a greater impact on tourism economy efficiency.Both effects showed a time lag and spatial heterogeneity.(2) The impulse response function demonstrated that government impetus and market forces had a positive at first and then a negative impact on economic efficiency of tourism nationwide. However, the driving effect of market forces was more lasting. In the regional test, the government impetus and market driven forces had a long-term effect on the economic efficiency of tourism in China’s central and western regions, which turned from negative to positive, and a short-term inhibitory effect on the eastern region.(3) The variance decomposition results revealed that market driven forces contributed 17.2% to China’s economic efficiency of tourism, much higher than the maximum 2.9% contribution of the government impetus.Regionally, government impetus and market driven forces contributed most to the economic efficiency of tourism in the eastern region and the western region of China respectively. What’s more, a greater contribution was made to the economic efficiency of tourism in the central region by government impetus from 2007 to 2013 and by market driven forces from 2014 to 2019. All these conclusions provide a reference for better alignment between an efficient market and a well-functioning government in high-quality tourism development.