新中国成立以来国家角色自我定位的变迁及其启示

Changes in the Self Definition of China’s National Role since the Founding of New China and its Enlightenment

国家角色自我定位是一国对外政策的行动指南,具有重要的实践指导意义。国家角色主要是一个国家自我选择的结果,应依据党的文献并结合外交实践来回顾新中国成立以来国家角色自我定位的变迁。在革命年代,中国实现了从“社会主义阵营的一员”到“第三世界的一员”的转变;在改革开放年代,中国实现了从国际体系的“革命者、解放者”向“参与者、改革者”的转变;新时代以来,中国已成为世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者、公共产品的提供者。从“反帝”到“反霸”、从“革命”到“改革”,中国国家角色自我定位与时俱进,但改变的只是手段,不变的是建立更加公正、合理的国际秩序的目的。

The self definition of a state’s role is a guide to a country’s foreign policy and has important practical guidance.The national role of the state is mainly the result of a country’s self-selection,and the changes in the self definition of the national role since the founding of New China should be reviewed in the light of the Party’s literature and its diplomatic practice.During the revolutionary era,China transformed itself from a“member of the socialist camp”to a“member of the Third World”;during the reform era,China transformed itself from a“revolutionary and liberator”of the international system to a“participant and reformer”.Since the new era,China has become a builder of world peace,a contributor to global development,a defender of the international order and a provider of public goods.From“opposing imperialism”to“opposing hegemony”,from“revolution”to“reform”,the self-definition of China’s national role has changed with the times,but in conclusion,the changes in the national role have only changed the means,but not the aim of building a more just and rational international order.