马华公会与英殖民政府的关系(1949-1955)——以英国档案为主的分析

The Relationship Between the Malaysian Chinese Association and the British Colonial Government(1949-1955): An Analysis Based on British Archives

马华公会的成立离不开英殖民政府的支持,英国殖民政府与马华公会的合作便于英国殖民政府在马来亚进行平稳的政权交接;协商联络委员会有助于马华公会为英殖民政府对抗马共提供帮助;马华公会通过发行彩票给新村华人提供极大的帮助,同时也打消了殖民政府及马来人对华人的不信任,这使得马来亚在独立前实现族群合作成为可能。但由于早期马华公会并未真正深入华社基层,加之其中央权威性明显不足,导致协商联络委员会不能发挥很大的作用;彩票的发行被殖民政府叫停,深刻反映了当时马来亚政治的多元族群路线与单元种族路线之争。最终,巫统主导的种族主义政治占了上风,拿督翁的多元族群路线破产,进而对此后马来西亚政治的发展产生深远影响。此后,多种因素促使马来亚华人在政治上进一步本土化,这有利于华人在当地的生存和发展。

The establishment of the Malaysian Chinese Association(MCA) is inseparable from the support of the British colonial government,which cooperated with the MCA to facilitate a smooth transition of power from the British colonial government in Malaya. The Consultative Liaison Committee(CLC) helped the MCA to provide assistance to the British colonial government against the Malayan Communist Party(MCP). Through the issuance of lottery tickets, the MCA provided great help to the Chinese in‘Kampung Baru’(Also known as the‘New Village’), and at the same time dispelled the colonial government and the Malays’ distrust of the Chinese, making it possible for Malaya to realize ethnic cooperation before independence. Since the MCA did not really penetrate into the grassroots of the Chinese community in the early days, and its central authority was obviously insufficient, the CLC could not play a great role.The issuance of the lottery was halted by the colonial government, which deeply reflected the multi-ethnic line and unit-racial line of Malayan politics at that time.Eventually, the racist politics dominated by UMNO prevailed and Dato’ Ong’s multi-ethnic line went bankrupt, which in turn had a profound impact on the development of Malaysian politics since then.Since then, a variety of factors have promoted the further political localization of the Chinese in Malaya, which is conducive to the survival and development of the Chinese in the region.