目的地收入与中国出口企业国际分工地位——论“低端锁定”效应

Destination Income and Chinese Export Enterprises’Status in International Specialization:A Discussion on the Low-end Locking Effect

中国与发达国家建立密切贸易关系的同时存在被“低端锁定”的风险。本文基于2000—2014年中国海关进出口数据、BACI数据库与全球价值链指标数据,探讨了目的地收入与中国出口企业国际分工地位之间的内在联系。研究发现,随着目的地收入提高,出口企业国际分工地位先升后降,呈倒U形关系,存在“低端锁定”效应。影响渠道分析显示“低端锁定”效应与贸易模式选择、参与全球价值链的位置以及出口结构变动有关。异质性分析显示外资企业、合资企业与高研发密集企业的倒U形趋势最为明显。

China has established close trade relations with developed countries, but there is a risk of being low-end locked. Based on the Chinese Customs Data, the CEPII’s BACI database and the index data of global value chain from 2000 to 2014, this paper discusses the internal relationship between export destination income and Chinese export enterprises’ status in international specialization. The research findings are as follows. With the increase of export destination income, export enterprises’ status in international specialization enhances first and then declines, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship. It means that there is a low-end locking effect, which is mainly caused by the change of export structure, the choice of trade mode and the position in the global value chain. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the inverted U-shaped trend of foreign-funded enterprises, joint ventures and high R&D intensive enterprises are the most obvious.