我国职业技能培训补贴策略与高质量就业——来自“培训单位—劳动者”匹配数据的证据

Vocational Skills Training Subsidy Strategies and High Quality of Employment in China: Evidence from “Training Institution-worker” Matching Data

职业技能培训是以教育为核心的传统人力资本研究中鲜少涉及的话题,却是我国落实就业优先战略、人才强国战略的重要举措。本文利用“培训单位—劳动者”匹配数据,检验了职业技能培训补贴策略对高质量就业的助推效果。研究发现:个体及培训单位层面的补贴均能显著提升就业质量;借助补贴资金在省级层面的分配方案,本文验证了补贴效果的稳健性以及资金来源对微观主体的差异化影响。最后,补贴效果在不同培训动机下具有异质性,且师生互动性和家庭支持度是重要的作用机制。基于此,本文提出加强职业培训政策顶层设计,完善补贴实施细则的政策建议。

Vocational training is a subject rarely covered in traditional education-focused human capital investment studies, but it is a crucial initiative in China’s implementation of the employment-first strategy and the workforce development strategy. This paper empirically examines the effectiveness of the vocational training subsidy strategy in supporting employees to achieve high quality of employment by using training institution-worker matching data. The high quality of employment is considerably improved by subsidies both at the individual and training unit le-vels, although various training vehicles serve different functions. This paper also investigates the robustness of subsidy effects and various funding sources on the differentiation of micro-entities using the scheme for the distribution of subsidy funds at the provincial level. Finally, this paper finds strong heterogeneity in subsidy effects across training motivations, and that teacher-student interaction and family support are important mechanisms of action. Based on this, this paper puts forward policy implications to strengthen the top-level design of vocational training policies and improve the implementation details of subsidies.