父母缺位对儿童早期依恋的消极影响:基于教育神经科学的证据

The Effects of Parental Absence on Early Childhood Attachment Based on Evidences from Educational Neuroscience

早期依恋关系是个体未来社会适应的重要预测指标。相关教育神经科学的研究表明,因父母缺位出现的“丧偶式”教养、隔代教养、保姆/早教机构代养等早期教养困境会导致儿童HPA轴功能失调或教养者催产素水平改变或儿童脑发育异常,从而对儿童早期依恋关系的建立产生消极影响。为确保儿童早期形成安全的亲子依恋关系,父母应采取温暖关爱、高敏感性、积极回应的教养方式,在重视父亲参与的同时,通过亲子共读唤醒儿童脑的情感依恋机制,通过亲子合作游戏改善亲子神经活动的同步性机制,提升亲子依恋关系质量。

Attachment in early childhood is the basis for an individual’s later social emotional development.Current researches of educational neuroscience have explained the biological basis for insecure attachment in circumstances of grandparenting,foster care,nannies care,child care center and so on.HPA axis,oxytocin,and brain development are proved to play important roles in modulating the development of child secure attachment.It’s suggested that parents adopt warm,caring,sensitive and responsive parenting approaches.Moreover,parents should use shared reading and family games to enrich the daily parent-child interaction,and fathers should involve themselves in parenting to develop a secure parent-child attachment relationship.