拥书自雄:魏晋南北朝时期士人阶层的知识垄断

Proud of Owning Books and Knowledge:Knowledge Monopoly of Scholars in the Period of Wei,Jin,and Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期,民间书籍的数量、传播及流通范围极其有限,书籍作为一种稀缺资源,被少数士人阶层所垄断。士人阶层围绕书籍展开了一系列活动,使书籍逐渐演变成彰显士人身份和品格的重要标志,更进一步成为士人立身兴家的资本基石。对此,皇权表示认可并积极参与,无形之中起到了加强士人群体优势垄断的作用。在这样的背景下,知识独占的观念深入人心。在印刷术出现之前,这一切构成了士人群体优势地位得以巩固的重要原因。

During the Wei,Jin,and Southern and Northern Dynasties period,books were scarce with very limited dissemination and circulation,and were mainly occupied by the scholar class.Scholars carried out a series of activities related to books,making books an important symbol demonstrating their identity and characters,and more importantly,accumulating capital for them to establish a career.The imperial power approved of this behavior and actively participated in it,which reinforced the monopolistic status of the scholars.The idea of knowledge monopoly was thus engrained in the society.All of this undoubtedly consolidated the predominant position of the scholar class before the advent of typography.