山地城市社区建成环境的适老性问题识别——基于审计工具的重庆地区实证

Identification of Age-friendly Problems in Built Environment of Mountainous Urban Neighborhoods:Evidence of Chongqing Area Based on the Development of Audit Tools

社区是“在地养老”的老年人最主要的活动场所,社区建成环境的适老性对老年人的健康水平影响显著。我国山地城市形态特殊,建成环境的微观适老性问题相比平原城市更复杂、更严重,但目前针对山地城市社区的适老性评价工具较少。社区建成环境审计是一种逐条评估微观环境要素的方法,在适老性问题识别上具有全面、详细的优势。文章基于适应山地城市特征的高密度社区建成环境审计工具扩展版(The High-density Environment Audit Tool-Extension)的构建过程,选取重庆市主城区两个典型区域的123个交叉口、139个路段和22个集中活动空间作为样本进行实地审计。根据审计结果,总结影响老年人社区室外活动的环境要素、需求要素,形成山地城市社区建成环境适老性问题的“环境-需求”识别体系,并以重庆市为例梳理、识别出主要问题的类型并讨论成因,为老年友好型社区的在地评价与规划建设提供参考。

Neighborhood is the main activity space of senior people who"age in place",and the age-friendliness of the built environment has a significant impact on senior people’s health.However,there are few tools for assessing the age-friendliness of built environment in mountainous cities.Neighborhood built environment audit is a method for assessing micro-scale environmental elements on an item by item basis,which has the advantage of being comprehensive and detailed in the identification of age-friendliness.In this paper,based on the development of"the High-density Environment Audit Tool(HEAT)-Extension"that adapts to the characteristics of mountainous cities,123 crossings,139 segments,and 22 major activity spaces in two typical areas of downtown Chongqing are selected as samples for field audits.Based on the audit results,we summarize the environmental and demand factors affecting senior people’s outdoor activities in neighborhoods,formulate an"environment-demand"identification system for age-friendly problems of the built environment in mountainous urban neighborhoods,sort out the main typologies of the problems and discuss the causes.This will provide a reference for the"on-site"assessment,planning,and construction of age-friendly neighborhoods.