中西历史文化名城保护历程、理论与方法的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of Chinese and Western Historical and Cultural City Preservation Process,Theory,and Method

我国历史文化名城在过去三四十年市场经济发展模式下面临巨大的重建与变革压力,为更系统地理解中西方历史文化名城保护发展的相互作用,提出更具适应性的保护发展框架与更具时代特征的实践模式,文章着眼于西方文化遗产的概念萌芽、立法实践、认知提升的发展历程,回顾我国历史文化名城保护从意识发端到概念萌生,再到立法制度与保护体系完善,直至社会发展转型期遗产价值形成的发展变化过程。通过梳理可知我国历史文化名城保护在认知体系构建、保护对象与层次界定、方法原则应用上深受国际经验影响,但又因文化背景与理论渊源差异,在保护层次概念拓展、保护理论与价值认知以及保护体系尺度构建方面有异于西方国家,进而期望从明晰保护层次与协调规划管理、重塑真实性与整体性方法内涵、关注居民社会结构形态等方面来共同推进我国历史文化名城保护发展。

In the past four decades,China’s historical and cultural city preservation has undergone tremendous pressure of reform and reconstruction.To better understand the evolution and function of historical city preservation,and to come up with a more adaptive preservation framework in the new era,the paper makes a comparative study on the consciousness,concept,legislation,recognition of historical city preservation between China and the west,argues that China’s historical city preservation is deeply impacted by global experience in cognitive system construction,preservation objects,levels,methods,and principles,but differs from the west in conceptual connotation,theoretical and value cognition,system scale construction.Furthermore,it suggests promoting historical city preservation in clarifying preservation level and planning management coordination,rebuilding the connotation of authenticity and integrity,paying attention to demographic structure etc.