农村留守妇女参与乡村治理的优势空间与行动逻辑

Advantage Space and Action Logic of Rural Left-behind Women’s Participation in Rural Governance

农村留守妇女在青壮年劳动力流出后是乡村治理的实质参与主体,是促进乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化的核心力量。但在问题视角下,性别视角往往被忽视和弱化,女性参与成为被动性、依附性的存在。以农村留守妇女既存优势为着眼点,对她们在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接期,如何从“开放的乡村发展空间”“包容的政策设计空间”“‘脱域’的社会参与空间”三个层面,突破以往静止、留守式参与情境进行分析,并从“主动参与”“被动参与”和“间接参与”三个维度,对她们的传统贤妻良母形象和被建构起来的“性格—情感”行动优势再次塑造的逻辑过程进行讨论,具有重要意义。农村留守妇女优势再造的行动逻辑,既是对农村传统性别文化、发展政策与组织环境进行反思、营造的过程,也充实了具有中国特色的乡村治理模式。

After the outflow of the young and middle-aged labor force, left-behind women are the substantial participants in rural governance and the main staff to promote rural governance and achieve rural revitalization. But in contrast with problematic perspective, gender perspective is often ignored and weakened, thus female participation becomes passive and dependent. Based on the existing advantages of left-behind women, this paper analyzes how left-behind women break through the previous static and left-behind participation situation from the three levels of “open rural development space”“inclusive policy design space” and “disembedding social participation space” in the effective connection period between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. And from the three dimensions of “active participation”“passive participation”and“indirect participation”, this paper discusses the logical process of rural left-behind women to re-shape the traditional image of dutiful wife and devoted mother and the constructed action advantage of “character-emotion”. The process of rebuilding is not only to reflect and recreate the traditional gender culture, development policy and organizational environment in rural areas, but also enriches the rural governance model with Chinese characteristics.