流动的身份:“资本下乡”后农村妇女社会地位的重塑研究——基于新疆泉村的人类学考察

Mobile Identity: Research on the Reconstruction of Rural Women’s Social Status after “Capitalizing the Countryside”

“资本下乡”所引发的大规模的土地流转带动了农村生计方式的改变,农业性别分工由“男工女耕”向妇女半工半农的趋势发展。对新疆泉村的田野调查发现,在农业结构转型过程中,妇女呈现出不同于以往的固定性特征,处于半流动、半留守的处境。妇女的文化身份在二元环境中不断转换并受父权制与农业资本的实际控制。在身份转换中,妇女面临生产性与情感性困境,并呈现出内部分化。但在这一过程中,妇女并不是被动等待“救援”的对象,她们通过对自身生活意义与价值的构建可以实现自身的“重塑”。在乡村振兴过程中,应从妇女主体性出发关注妇女面临的困境,激发其广泛参与乡村建设与乡村治理的活力。

The large-scale land transfer caused by “capitalizing the countryside” has driven the change of rural livelihood mode, and the gender division of labor in agriculture has developed from “male workers and female farmers” to women as half workers and half farmers. Based on the field investigation in Quancun, Xinjiang, this paper points out that in the process of the transformation of agricultural structure, women fall into the situation of semi-mobile, semi-left-behind mode, different from the traditional fixed mode. Women’s cultural identity is constantly changing in the dual environment and is under the actual control of patriarchy and agricultural capital. In the process of identity transformation, women face difficulties of production and emotion, and show internal differentiation. But in this process, women are not passively waiting for “rescue”, they can reshape themselves through the construction of life meaning and value. In the process of rural revitalization, attention should be paid to the plight of women from the perspective of women’s subjectivity, and the vitality of women’s extensive participation in rural construction and governance should be stimulated.