奖惩分配情境下社会排斥对儿童第三方利他倾向的影响

The Influence of Social Exclusion on Third-party Altruism among Children in the Situations of Reward and Punishment Distribution

大量研究发现第三方利他倾向既包括对受害者的补偿也包含对违规者的惩罚。本研究采用第三方奖惩任务探讨社会排斥对第三方利他倾向的影响。实验1结果发现,8~9岁儿童在奖励情境中的利他性补偿和利他性惩罚额度最高,受组内排斥的分配者对组内受害者补偿和组内违规者惩罚的公平性更强。实验2结果发现,8~9岁儿童在惩罚情境中的利他性补偿和利他性惩罚额度最高,受组内排斥的分配者对组内受害者补偿和组内违规者惩罚的公平性更强。结果表明,社会排斥情境能够影响儿童第三方利他倾向表现,情境因素的变化能够减少儿童的内群体偏袒现象。

A large number of studies have found that third-party altruism includes victim compensation and violator punishment. This study explores the effect of social exclusion on third-party altruism by the task of third-party reward and punishment. The results of experiment 1 show that in the situation of reward, children in 8~9 age group have the highest amount of altruistic compensation and punishment. The allocators excluded within the group are fairer to victim compensation and violator punishment within the group. The results of experiment 2 show that in the situation of punishment, children in 8~9 age group have the highest amount of altruistic compensation and punishment. The allocators excluded within the group are fairer to victim compensation and violator punishment within the group. These results suggest that the situations of social exclusion can influence the performance of third-party altruistic among children, and changes in situational factors can reduce the inner group favoritism phenomenon of children.