儿童遗传性息肉的内镜微创治疗

Endoscopic minimally invasive treatment for hereditary polyps in children

儿童遗传性息肉多属于罕见的常染色体显性疾病,与肠内外良恶性肿瘤的风险增加有关。基于临床及内镜下表现,儿童遗传性息肉大多可以确诊,在某些情况下,需进行基因检测协助诊断。该病一经确诊大多需要切除,术前影像学检查至关重要,不仅可以指导如何选择治疗方式,而且可减少漏诊和误诊。切除方法因息肉形态、大小及部位不同而不同。一旦影像学及内镜检查发现遗传性息肉,应每2~3年重复检查1次,有临床症状出现时应及时复查胃肠镜。

Hereditary polyps in children are mostly rare autosomal dominant diseases, which are related to the increased risk of benign and malignant tumors inside and outside the intestine. The diagnosis of most hereditary polyps in children can be confirmed based on clinical and endoscopic findings. In some cases,gene testing is required to assist diagnosis. Most of the hereditary polyps in children need to be removed once diagnosed. Preoperative imaging examination is very important,which can not only guide the treatment,but also reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The methods of polypectomy vary with the shape,size and location of polyps. Once hereditary polyps are found by imaging and endoscopy,re-examination should be carried out every 2~3years. Timely enteroscopy is needed once the clinical manifestations occur.