儿童结直肠息肉病理特征及术后随访

Pathological features and postoperative follow-up of colorectal polyps in children

结直肠息肉是儿童便血的主要原因之一,按病理类型可分为错构瘤性息肉、腺瘤性息肉、炎性息肉和锯齿状息肉。儿童结直肠息肉绝大部分为良性病变,但部分息肉体积大、数目多、生长快,甚至可癌变,引起肠梗阻、营养不良、贫血和消化道肿瘤等,严重影响患儿生长发育和生活质量。治疗除积极进行内镜下息肉切除外,根据不同息肉类型采取系统科学的随访对于改善预后非常重要,该文根据病理类型对儿童结直肠息肉进行系统归纳,并总结了相应的个体化、精准化随访策略。

Colorectal polyps are one of the main causes of hematochezia in children, which can be divided into hamartomatous polyps, adenomatous polyps, inflammatory polyps and serrated polyps according to the pathology.Colorectal polyps in childhood are mostly benign,but some of them are giant in size,large in number,growing rapidly,or even resulting in carcinogenesis,which causes bowel obstruction, malnutrition, anemia and gastrointestinal tumor,seriously affecting their growth and quality of life. In addition to polypectomy,it is very important to develop systematic and scientific follow-up strategies in order to improve prognosis. In this article,colorectal polyps in childhood are systematically reviewed according to different pathological types, and individualized and precise follow-up strategies are summed up.