女侠的崛起及其意义——以邹之麟《女侠传》为核心的研究

The Rise of Chivalrous Woman and Its Significance——A Research into Zou Zhilin’s Biography of Chivalrous Women as the Core

明代邹之麟《女侠传》是探讨中国古代侠义观念发展的极具关键意义的一部著作,此书继徐广《二侠传》之后,独标“女侠”,将古代具有“侠气”的女子分成六类,并以“歧义性的替换”重新定义“女侠”,奠定了“女侠”在中国古代侠客发展史上的重要地位。在详尽剖析其整个“替换”的模式之后,此书进一步揭示出“节侠”对彼时以“节烈名侠”命名女性的社会风气具有开创性的意义,虽然其仍难以摆脱传统儒家思想的局限,但这样的观点被普遍接受之后,尤其是女性所特有的纤细而丰富的感情特质,更是引发了对原有以男性为主的侠客“江湖世界”体制的改变,对后来武侠小说“侠骨柔情”主脉的建立奠定了厚实的基础。

Zou Zhilin’s Biography of Chivalrous Women in the Ming Dynasty is a work of great significance to explore the development of chivalrous ideas in ancient China.This book is the first monograph on “chivalrous woman” after Xu Guang’s Biography of Chivalrous Men and Women.It divides ancient women with “chivalrous spirit” into six categories and redefines “chivalrous woman” with “ambiguous replacement”.It has established the important position of “chivalrous woman” in the development history of ancient Chinese chivalrous person.After a detailed analysis of its whole “replacement” model,it discovers that its “chivalrous man of integrity” is of pioneering significance,which has a direct impact on the subsequent trend of “chastity famous chivalrous woman”.Although it is still difficult to get rid of the limitations of traditional Confucianism,it triggers a change in the system of “the world of the swordsmen” of chivalrous persons dominated by male originally after its views are generally accepted by later generations,especially the slender and rich emotional characteristics of women.It lays a solid foundation for the establishment of the main vein of “chivalrous bone and tenderness” in later martial arts novels.