反事实思维的认知过程及其神经基础

The Cognitive Process and Its Neural Basis of Counterfactual Thinking

反事实思维是人类日常生活和工作中常见的一种心理过程,具有解释过去、准备未来、调节情感经历、支撑道德判断等认知和社会功能。反事实思维的认知过程主要依靠心理模拟、推理系统和学习与适应三个心理子系统来实现,其涉及的脑网络主要包括默认网络、奖赏评估网络、认知控制网络和情绪加工网络。未来该领域的研究应集中于生态效度、影响因素、神经网络机制等方面。

Counterfactual thinking is a ubiquitous psychological process in human daily life and work.Its cognitive and social function includes explaining the past,preparing for the future,modulating emotional experience,and supporting moral judgments.The cognitive process of counterfactual thinking mainly depends on mental simulation,inference,and learning.The underlying neural basis of counterfactual thinking involves default mode networks,cognitive control networks,reward evaluation networks,and emotion processing networks.Future research on counterfactual thinking should focus on the improvement in ecological validity,the determination of influence,the neural mechanism of it.