淮安市粉尘作业工人胸片及肺功能结果分析

Analysis on results of chest radiography and lung function of dust-exposed workers in Huai'an City

目的通过职业健康检查了解淮安市粉尘作业工人胸片及肺功能基本情况,明确胸片异常影响因素,为尘肺病防治提供参考依据。方法选取淮安市2021年职业健康检查的粉尘作业工人442人的职业健康监护资料,并对数据进行分析。结果淮安市442名粉尘作业工人中,共检出胸片异常16人,异常率为3.62%。胸片异常率随着年龄的增加而增加,≥50岁年龄段异常率最高,为8.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.769,P<0.05);电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业胸片异常率最高,为15.63%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.814,P<0.05)。41~<51岁年龄段胸片异常率风险最高(OR=6.500,95%CI:1.278~33.065);电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业胸片异常率风险最高(OR=2.000,95%CI:0.395~10.139)。女性第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC%)[(100.62±8.75)%]高于男性[(98.06±9.151)%],差异有统计学意义(t=2.204,P<0.05);随着年龄增长,FVC%、FEV1%呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(F=8.994、9.826,均P<0.01);接尘工龄<11年组,FEV1/FVC%值最低,差异有统计学意义(F=16.542,P<0.01);行业类型方面,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业FVC%、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC%均最低,差异有统计学意义(F=96.078,P<0.01);接触其他粉尘和高温工人FEV1/FVC%均低于不接触工人,差异有统计学意义(t=6.325、4.900,均P<0.01)。结论随着年龄增长,淮安市粉尘作业工人胸片异常率增加,肺功能降低。高年龄段和电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业胸片异常风险较高,应有针对性对重点人群,重点行业进行健康监护,减少尘肺病的发生。

Objective To understand the basic situation of chest radiography and lung function of dust-exposed workers in Huai'an City through occupational health examination,clarify the influence factors of abnormal chest radiography,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.Methods The occupational health monitoring data of 442 dust-exposed workers in occupational health examination of Huai'an City in 2021 were selected,and the data were analyzed.Results Among 442 dust-exposed workers in Huai'an City,16 workers were detected with abnormal chest radiography,and the abnormal rate was 3.62%.The abnormal rate of chest radiography increased with the increase of age,and the abnormal rate was the highest in the age group≥50 years old(8.33%),the difference was statistically significant(χ2=8.769,P<0.05).The abnormal rate of chest radiography was the highest in electric power,heat power,gas and water production and supply industries(15.63%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=14.814,P<0.05).The risk of abnormal rate of chest radiography was highest in 41-<51 year-old age group(OR=6.500,95%CI:1.278-33.065).The electric power,heat power,gas and water production and supply industries had the highest risk of abnormal chest radiography(OR=2.000,95%CI:0.395-10.139).The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC%)in females[(100.62±8.75)%]was higher than that in males[(98.06±9.151)%],and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.204,P<0.05).With the increase of age,FVC%and FEV1%showed a decreasing trend,and the difference was statistically significant(F=8.994,9.826,both P<0.01).The FEV1/FVC%value was the lowest in the group of dust exposure≤10 years,and the difference was statistically significant(F=16.542,P<0.01).The FVC%,FEV1%and FEV1/FVC%of electric power,heat power,gas and water production and supply industries were the lowest,and the differences were statistically significant(F=96.078,P<0.01).The FEV1/FVC%of workers exposed to other dust and high temperature was lower than that of non-exposure workers,the difference was statistically significant(t=6.325,4.900,both P<0.01).Conclusions With the increase of age,the abnormal rate of chest radiography among of dust-exposed workers in Hua i'an City increases and lung function decreases.The elderly and workers in electric power,heat power,gas and water production and supply industries are at higher risk of abnormal chest radiography.The health monitoring should be conducted for key groups and industries to reduce the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.